Disclosed herein are computer-implemented methods; computer-implemented systems; and non-transitory, computer-readable media, for sending cross-chain messages. One computer-implemented method includes storing an authenticable message (AM) associated with a first account to a blockchain associated with the first blockchain network, where the AM is generated based on a protocol stack comprising an outer-layer protocol, a middle-layer protocol, and an inner-layer protocol, the outer-layer protocol comprises an identifier (ID) of an originating blockchain network and the middle-layer protocol, the middle-layer protocol comprises information of the sending account and the inner-layer protocol, the inner-layer protocol comprises an ID of a destination blockchain network, information of a receiving account associated with the destination blockchain network, and message content. The AM and location information is transmitted to a relay to be forwarded to the second account associated with the second blockchain network.

A load balancer determines a first usage load for a first server group that is one of a plurality of server groups associated with a resource. The load balancer determines a usage total for a user group of a plurality of user groups assigned to make requests for the resource via the first server group. The load balancer determines an assignment of the user group to make requests for the resource via the first server group or a second server group of the plurality of server groups based on the usage total of the user group, the first usage load of the first server group, and a second usage load of the second server group. The load balancer routes requests for the resource by the user group to the first server group or the second server group based on the assignment.

A high-performance distributed ledger and transaction computing network fabric over which large numbers of transactions (involving the transformation, conversion or transfer of information or value) are processed concurrently in a scalable, reliable, secure and efficient manner. In one embodiment, the computing network fabric or “core” is configured to support a distributed blockchain network that organizes data in a manner that allows communication, processing and storage of blocks of the chain to be performed concurrently, with little synchronization, at very high performance and low latency, even when the transactions themselves originate from distant sources. This data organization relies on segmenting a transaction space within autonomous but cooperating computing nodes that are configured as a processing mesh. Each computing node typically is functionally-equivalent to all other nodes in the core. The nodes operate on blocks independently from one another while still maintaining a consistent and logically-complete view of the blockchain as a whole.

A high-performance distributed ledger and transaction computing network fabric over which large numbers of transactions (involving the transformation, conversion or transfer of information or value) are processed concurrently in a scalable, reliable, secure and efficient manner. In one embodiment, the computing network fabric or “core” is configured to support a distributed blockchain network that organizes data in a manner that allows communication, processing and storage of blocks of the chain to be performed concurrently, with little synchronization, at very high performance and low latency, even when the transactions themselves originate from distant sources. This data organization relies on segmenting a transaction space within autonomous but cooperating computing nodes that are configured as a processing mesh. Each computing node typically is functionally-equivalent to all other nodes in the core. The nodes operate on blocks independently from one another while still maintaining a consistent and logically-complete view of the blockchain as a whole.

Various systems and methods for implementing a software defined industrial system are described herein. For example, an orchestrated system of distributed nodes may run an application, including modules implemented on the distributed nodes. In response to a node failing, a module may be redeployed to a replacement node. In an example, self-descriptive control applications and software modules are provided in the context of orchestratable distributed systems. The self-descriptive control applications may be executed by an orchestrator or like control device and use a module manifest to generate a control system application. For example, an edge control node of the industrial system may include a system on a chip including a microcontroller (MCU) to convert IO data. The system on a chip includes a central processing unit (CPU) in an initial inactive state, which may be changed to an activated state in response an activation signal.

This invention satisfactorily prevents another person from accessing a terminal that is in use, without reducing a bandwidth allocated to a dedicated peer-to-peer path for the terminal that is in use. A controller controls processing of receiving a request from a first terminal for connection to a second terminal, and processing of transmitting, when the second terminal is in use, a notification that connection cannot be established to the first terminal. For example, the controller recognizes that the second terminal is in use on the basis of connection information stored in a storage unit or on the basis of connection information received from another network device that transmits the request for connection to the second terminal transmitted from the first terminal.

This invention satisfactorily prevents another person from accessing a terminal that is in use, without reducing a bandwidth allocated to a dedicated peer-to-peer path for the terminal that is in use. A controller controls processing of receiving a request from a first terminal for connection to a second terminal, and processing of transmitting, when the second terminal is in use, a notification that connection cannot be established to the first terminal. For example, the controller recognizes that the second terminal is in use on the basis of connection information stored in a storage unit or on the basis of connection information received from another network device that transmits the request for connection to the second terminal transmitted from the first terminal.

A network device includes a processor and a memory. The processor effectuates operations including instantiating an edge share orchestrator that identifies edge devices including a customer device. Edge share orchestrator also determines that the customer device lacks computing power or functionality to perform at least a portion of an existing or augmented service and identifies at least one additional device of the edge devices capable of providing additional computing power or functionality for performing the at least a portion of the existing service or augmented service associated with the customer device. Edge share orchestrator also meshes the additional computing power or functionality of the at least one additional device with the customer device and performs the at least a portion of the existing or augmented service associated with the customer device using the meshed additional computing power or functionality of the at least one additional device and the customer device.

Attributes are applied to Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices to establish high quality connections between the devices. Agents of the devices are assigned to interest-based cells in a virtual space, and can travel among the cells. Within the cells, pairs of devices are tested for similarity, based on device profiles, and for detected affinity. Devices having affinity are connected and form a logical network of IoT devices. Some attributes can be based on a personality model and can reflect the personality of a user or other principal associated with a device. The user or principal attributes can influence requests for affinity testing, calculation of similarity, and further behavioral effects incorporated in affinity determination. Disclosed embodiments provide scalable, distributed, autonomous, and unsupervised device-to-device connectivity, free of prior constraints. Associated infrastructure, simulations, performance metrics, and variations are disclosed.

An electronic device constituting a blockchain node included in a blockchain network is provided. The electronic device includes a communication circuit configured to at least one of transmit a signal to or receive another signal from one or more external devices, a memory configured to store a partial ledger including a part of an entire ledger for the blockchain network, the partial ledger including at least one block corresponding to respective at least one transaction in which the electronic device has participated in a consensus, and at least one processor electrically connected to the communication circuit and the memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to execute a transaction related to the electronic device, according to the execution of the transaction, generate a block which includes block data for the transaction, and a hash field including previous block information in the entire ledger and previous block information in the partial ledger, and to store the block in the memory in association with the partial ledger.