Systems and methods which provide data exchange using a distributed ledger, wherein data is exchanged off-chain and information for accessing the off-chain data is exchanged through the blockchain, are disclosed. Embodiments may provide a hybrid blockchain data exchange platform storing large amounts of data (e.g., IoT data) in a data server outside of the blockchain, wherein a data consumer may obtain data from the data server using a token obtained from the blockchain. Embodiments of a hybrid blockchain data exchange platform provide for accuracy and security of the data without requiring storage of the full contents of the data within the blockchain, and/or provide data exchange in which the irrefutability of the data exchanged is ensured.

There is provided a method of operating a certifying node to certify incremental trained machine learning (ML) models of one or more edge devices associated with a peer to peer network. The method includes (i) generating a predictive outcome value for a test data set by executing a candidate ML model against the test data set available to the certifying node; (ii) determine a measure of quality of the candidate ML model by matching the predictive outcome value of the candidate ML model with an actual outcome value of the test data set; and (iii) certify the candidate ML model by comparing the measure of quality of the candidate ML model against a threshold error value, for use in real time incremental training by the one or more edge devices of the peer to peer network.

A computing device configured for determining a node status is described. The computing device includes a processor and instructions in memory. The computing device determines a representative node corresponding to a network group with multiple nodes. The computing device also sends a status retrieval directive to the representative node. The status retrieval directive includes a directive for retrieval of the node status of a target node. The computing device also receives the node status of the target node from the representative node and stores the node status on a database.

Methods, media, and systems are disclosed for adding new users to a channel in a group-based communication system. The system receives a request to add new users to a channel. The system adds a new user by classifying the new user's email address domain as internal or external. If the domain is internal, the first user is added to the channel as a member, and if the domain is external, the user is prompted for a type of access for the new user. If the new user's access type is guest, the new user is added to the channel as a guest. If the type of access is shared, the channel is shared with an organization associated with the domain, and the new user is added as a member of the channel that has been shared.

Apparatus and methods relating to persistent network resource and virtual area associations for realtime collaboration include managing and displaying an object associated with a virtual area that supports establishment of respective presences of communicants operating respective client network nodes. Examples of the object include an object that has one or more user-modifiable property fields and an object that is associated with screen sharing functionality of the client network node.

One or more embodiments of this specification provide message transmission methods and apparatuses. A method includes: registering each of a plurality of blockchain nodes in a blockchain relay communication network to a blockchain node set indicated in a registration request submitted by a corresponding blockchain node of the plurality of blockchain nodes; generating a routing policy corresponding to each of the plurality of blockchain nodes, the routing policy comprising a blockchain node set that the corresponding blockchain node belongs and a relay node that connects to the corresponding blockchain node; receiving a blockchain message for a target blockchain node in a target blockchain node set; determining a target relay node connected to the target blockchain node according to a tree-structured routing table obtained by organizing routing policies in a tree structure; and transmitting the blockchain message to the target blockchain node.

An approach is disclosed for providing free storage to a client on a blockchain platform. A number of free storage markers targeted for the client is generated by a governing entity. After validating the client by the governing entity, the number of free storage markers are transferred to the client where the free storage markers include a timestamp, a number of tokens, a client identification, an expiration, and a governing entity signature. An allocation from the number of free storage markers received from the client is processed by the governing entity for storage access.

An approach is disclosed for providing free storage to a client on a blockchain platform. A number of free storage markers targeted for the client is generated by a governing entity. After validating the client by the governing entity, the number of free storage markers are transferred to the client where the free storage markers include a timestamp, a number of tokens, a client identification, an expiration, and a governing entity signature. An allocation from the number of free storage markers received from the client is processed by the governing entity for storage access.

An approach is disclosed to replace or by-pass a first blobber utilizing a blockchain infrastructure. The first blobber is identified. For replacement, a second blobber is identified and a replacement transaction is written. Write markers with respect to content for the second blobber are generated. The content is transferred to the second blobber. After detecting a successful completion of all the writes to the second blobber, a transaction to drop the first blobber is written. When the first blobber is by-passed content written to the first blobber capable of being reconstructed from other blocks is written to other blobbers. Read markers are sent for the other blocks to the other blobbers. The blockchain monitors for successful completion of all reads of the other blocks. After detecting the successful completion of all the reads of the other blocks from the other blobbers, the content is reconstructed from the other blocks.

An approach is disclosed for streaming content to a client. A request is received to receive content suitable for access by a streaming application. The content is separated into chunks C (C1, C2, . . . , Cn). The chunks are uploaded to corresponding blobbers B (B1, B2, . . . , Bn). A first pipe is utilized by the blobbers B (B1, B2, . . . , Bn) to download the chunks C (C1, C2, . . . , Cn) into a buffer. A second pipe is utilized to convert the downloaded chunks C (C1, C2, . . . , Cn) from the buffer into a byte array A (A1, A2, . . . , An) and the byte array A (A1, A2, . . . , An) is sent to a plurality of streaming services.