An image sensor unit includes: a light source that illuminates a document; a rod-shaped light guide including a reflection surface that reflects light from the light source and an emission surface provided on a side opposite to the reflection surface that emits light reflected by the reflection surface to the document; a thermal conductor provided so as to cover the reflection surface of the light guide; an image forming element that forms an image of reflected light from the document on a photoelectric conversion element; a sensor substrate on which the photoelectric conversion element is mounted; and a frame including a locator for mounting the light guide.

A plurality of image-forming optical elements are disposed such that a part of a field-of-view region of one image-forming optical element overlaps a part of a field-of-view region of an image-forming optical element disposed adjacent to the one image-forming optical element, each of the image-forming optical elements includes: a lens for collecting light scattered by a reading object; an aperture stop for cutting off some of the light collected by the lens; a phase modulating element for modulating phase of light passing through the aperture stop; and a lens for allowing the light whose phase is modulated by the phase modulating element to form an image on an image-forming surface, and the phase modulating elements are loaded such that resolution characteristics of the phase modulating elements in an arrangement direction of the image-forming optical elements are the same among the image-forming optical elements.

An image reading apparatus that controls relative positions of a carriage and a document in a first direction using a motor, so as to read an image of the document on a line by line basis, the carriage being mounted with an image sensor and a light source. The image reading apparatus detects an amount of movement caused by the motor in the first direction and generates a first trigger signal in response to input of a synchronization signal generated in accordance with the detected amount of movement, the first trigger signal instructing to start accumulation of charge in the image sensor, and, after a predetermined amount of time since the synchronization signal used for generating the first trigger signal is input, generates a second trigger signal, the second trigger signal instructing to end accumulation of the charge being accumulated in the image sensor.

A reading module has a light source, an optical system imaging, as image light, reflected light of the light radiated from the light source to the document, and a sensor converting the image light imaged by the optical system into an electrical signal. The optical system has a mirror array in which reflection mirrors are coupled together in an array in the main scanning direction and an aperture stop portion having a first aperture adjusting the amount of image light reflected from a reflection mirror and a second aperture shielding stray light that enters the first aperture from an adjacent reflection mirror. The second aperture is arranged at such a position as to be able to shield stray light passing through a boundary between the reflection mirrors and the center of the first aperture when the mirror array contracts to the maximum extent in the main scanning direction.

A reading module has a light source, an optical system, and a sensor. The optical system images, as image light, reflected light of light radiated from the light source to a document. In the sensor, the image light imaged by the optical system is converted into an electrical signal. The optical system has a mirror array and an aperture stop portion. In the mirror array, reflection mirrors are coupled together in an array in the main scanning direction. The aperture stop portion has a first aperture adjusting the amount of the image light reflected from a reflection mirror and a second aperture shielding stray light entering the first aperture from an adjacent reflection mirror. Between the first and second apertures, a reflection reduction mechanism is provided that reduces reflection, toward the first aperture, of light other than the image light traveling from the second to first aperture.

A detector includes a light source to irradiate an object with light, a sensor to image a first pattern and a second pattern formed on the object with the light irradiated by the light source to generate image data, the first pattern and the second pattern imaged by the sensor at different times, and a circuit to control the light source to adjust a light quantity of the light according to a type of the object and irradiate the object with the light quantity adjusted according to the type of the object, and calculate a relative position of the object between the first pattern and the second pattern.

An optical device includes: a restriction member that restricts part of reflected light from a target object, the restriction member being formed from resin, the restriction member having an opening and a hole, the opening extending in a first direction crossing a propagation direction of the reflected light and formed at an upstream end in the propagation direction, the hole extending through the restriction member in the propagation direction; an optical member that transmits the reflected light that has passed through the opening; and a correction member that holds the optical member, and that comes into contact with part of an inner circumferential surface of the hole to correct a width of the opening.

A device is disclosed for determining an access flow rate of a patient when connected to a blood treatment machine. The device performs a measurement phase in which the blood treatment machine is caused to operate in first and second operating states, where the second operating state at least differs from the first operating state by a change of flow direction of blood or treatment fluid through a dialyzer of the blood treatment machine. Based on sensor values representing a fluid property of the treatment fluid in the first and second operating states, the device computes a measurement value of comparison parameter (e.g. a ratio or a difference) that compares treatment efficiency in the first operating state to treatment efficiency in the second operating state, and determines, based on the measurement value, an estimated value of the access flow rate.

A reading module includes: a light source for applying light to a document; an optical system for forming an image as image light from reflected light of the light applied from the light source to the document; and a sensor in which a plurality of sensor chips for converting the image light formed by the optical system to electric signals are disposed in adjacency to one another in a main scanning direction. The optical system includes: a mirror array in which a plurality of reflecting mirrors whose reflecting surfaces are aspheric surfaces are coupled in array in the main scanning direction; and apertures provided between the reflecting mirrors and the sensor chips, respectively, to regulate light quantity of the image light reflected by the individual reflecting mirrors. The specular-surface number of the reflecting mirrors is set to an integral multiple of the number of the sensor chips.

An image-forming apparatus includes a light-irradiation unit configured to move a spot of laser light on a surface of a photosensitive member at a non-constant scanning velocity in a main scanning direction to form a latent image on the photosensitive member, an image data correcting unit configured to correct a length in the main scanning direction of image data by inserting one or more image data pieces into the image data, the number of the image data pieces increasing as the scanning velocity increases, and/or extracting one or more image data pieces from the image data, the number of the image data pieces increasing as the scanning velocity decreases, and a brightness correcting unit configured to correct a brightness of the laser light so that an emission brightness increases as the scanning velocity increases and/or the emission brightness decreases as the scanning velocity decreases.