An image forming apparatus includes a fixing unit, an image reading unit, and a control unit. The fixing unit includes a first roller, a second roller, and a displacement mechanism that displaces at least one of the first roller and the second roller to form a nip portion. The image reading unit includes a scanning mechanism that scans by moving a carriage where a light source is mounted. The control unit executes a driving of the scanning mechanism and a driving of the displacement mechanism at different times.

A first lens body and a second lens body are fixed to, using an adhesive layer, a surface of a lens fixing plate determined by intersection of a straight line in an optical axis direction and a straight line in a longitudinal direction, such that the lens fixing plate in which a lens fixing plate opening is formed in a lateral direction overlaps, when viewed in the lateral direction, at least a portion of a junction at which the first lens body and the second lens body are bonded to each other. A first adjustment member is brought into contact with the first lens body via at least one hole into which the first adjustment member is inserted A second adjustment member is brought into contact with the second lens body via at least one hole and into which the second adjustment member is inserted.

In a reading device, a light transmissive member has a front surface on which an original is placed. A peripheral member is adjacent to the light transmissive member, and includes a back surface in which a reference hole is formed. The reference hole includes a first edge and a second edge intersecting with each other. A reading sensor faces the back surface of the light transmissive member and the back surface of the peripheral member. The controller controls the reading sensor to read a reading range including the reference hole to obtain a read image, and determines a reference position in the reading range based on the read image. The reference position is determined to an intersection between the first edge and the second edge. The controller sets a reading start position based on the reference position.

A rod lens array 10a includes a plurality of gradient-index rod lenses 1b arrayed to have optical axes parallel to each other, and forms an erecting equal-magnification image. The gradient-index rod lenses 1b each have a refractive-index distribution in a radial direction thereof. The refractive-index distribution n(r) is approximated by n(r)=n.sub.0⋅{1-(A/2)⋅r.sup.2}, where a refractive index at a center of the gradient-index rod lens 1b is represented by n.sub.0, a refractive-index distribution constant of the gradient-index rod lens 1b is represented by \A, and a distance from the center of the gradient-index rod lens 1b is represented by r. The gradient-index rod lens 1b has an aperture angle θ of 3 to 6°, the aperture angle θ represented by θ=sin.sup.−1(n.sub.0\A⋅r.sub.0), where a radius of the gradient-index rod lens is represented by r.sub.0. The rod lens array 10a has an imaging distance of 45 to 75 mm and a depth of field of 1.5 to 3.0 mm with value of modulation transfer function (MTF) of 30% or more at a spatial frequency of 6 Ip/mm.

An image-reading apparatus includes a housing having a rectangular-shaped opening on a side of a reading target, a lens portion retained or housed within the housing, and a sensor element to receive light condensed by the lens portion, the light being from the reading target. Long sides of the opening include a first layer that is flat and is disposed on the side of the reading target and a second layer that is continuous with the first layer. The long sides of the opening of the housing of the image-reading apparatus has a flat surface on the side of the reading target and an interface between the first layer and the second layer that is curved.

A photoelectric conversion element includes a first pixel array including first light-receiving sections arranged in a direction and a second pixel array including second light-receiving sections arranged in the direction. Each of the first light-receiving sections includes a first pixel configured to receive at least light having a first wavelength inside a visible spectrum and a first pixel circuit configured to transmit a signal from the first pixel to a subsequent stage. Each of the second light-receiving sections includes a second pixel configured to receive at least light having a second wavelength outside the visible spectrum and a second pixel circuit configured to transmit a signal from the second pixel to the subsequent stage. The second pixel circuit is provided in a vicinity of the second pixel.

An image scanning apparatus, and a method and an apparatus for controlling receiving of an image scanning optical signal are provided. The mage scanning apparatus may include an array photosensitive pixel unit configured to receive at least one optical signal, and a control circuit connected with the array photosensitive pixel unit and configured to control the array photosensitive pixel unit to receive the at least one optical signal. With the adoption of the image scanning apparatus, and the method and the apparatus for controlling receiving of the image scanning optical signal, the problem in the related art that an image is easily interfered by external stray lights within a non-exposure time of a scanning period and accordingly quality of a scanned image is reduced may be solved.

An image scanning apparatus, and a method and an apparatus for controlling receiving of an image scanning optical signal are provided. The mage scanning apparatus may include an array photosensitive pixel unit configured to receive at least one optical signal, and a control circuit connected with the array photosensitive pixel unit and configured to control the array photosensitive pixel unit to receive the at least one optical signal. With the adoption of the image scanning apparatus, and the method and the apparatus for controlling receiving of the image scanning optical signal, the problem in the related art that an image is easily interfered by external stray lights within a non-exposure time of a scanning period and accordingly quality of a scanned image is reduced may be solved.

An optical head comprises a substrate on which optical elements are arranged in a main scanning direction, a lens unit that transmits light emitted from the optical elements or light entering the optical elements, and a holder that holds the lens unit. The holder has a sidewall extending in the main scanning direction. The sidewall has a hole at a position facing the lens unit. A fixing member is provided in the hole. The fixing member fixes the lens unit to the sidewall.

An image reading device can easily increase or improve the depth of field. The image reading device includes a lens array (1) including lenses (2) arrayed in a main scanning direction, a sensor array (4) including sensor elements (4) arrayed in the main scanning direction to receive light converged by the lenses (2), and an overlap preventer located between the lens array (1) and the sensor array (4) to prevent an overlap of images formed by the lenses (2). The overlap preventer includes a slit assembly (5) including at least one specific-light blocker or optically transparent columns (13).