An electronic device and an automatic exposure convergence method are provided. The electronic device includes an image sensor and a processor. The image sensor is configured to obtain a first frame. The first frame includes a plurality of sub-frame regions, and each of the sub-frame regions includes a plurality of pixel data. The plurality of pixel data are obtained based on different exposure times. The processor is coupled to the image sensor. The processor is configured to analyze the first frame to combine the pixel data having the same exposure times in the sub-frame regions into a plurality of second frames. The processor analyzes the plurality of second frame to obtain a plurality of exposure values. The processor performs an exposure convergence operation based on the plurality of exposure values.

A master-slave system, a command execution method, and a data access method are provided. The master-slave system includes a master device and a slave device. The master device provides a first command and a clock signal to the slave device. The slave device executes a first operation corresponding to the first command according to the first command and the clock signal. When the first operation corresponding to the first command is completed, the slave device generates a response signal according to the clock signal to notify the master device an execution result of the first operation corresponding to the first command.

A memory cell including a first transistor, an inverter, and a second transistor is provided. A first terminal of the first transistor serves as a data input terminal of the memory cell. A control terminal of the first transistor receives a write control signal. A second terminal of the first transistor is coupled to a memory node. An input terminal of the inverter is coupled to the memory node. An output terminal of the inverter serves as a data output terminal of the memory cell. A first terminal of the second transistor is coupled to a first voltage. A control terminal of the second transistor is coupled to the output terminal of the inverter. A second terminal of the second transistor is coupled to the memory node. A body of the second transistor is coupled to a second voltage. A voltage value of the second voltage is not equal to a voltage value of the first voltage to reduce a leakage current of the second transistor.

An electronic device and a fingerprint sensing method are provided. The electronic device includes a display panel, a fingerprint sensor, and an integrated driver chip. The display panel includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array. The integrated driver chip integrates a display driver circuit and a fingerprint sensing circuit. When the pixel units of the display panel are in an undriven state and a finger object is in contact with a sensing area of the display panel to perform a fingerprint unlock operation, the display driver circuit drives at least a portion of the pixel units corresponding to the sensing area, so that at least a portion of the pixel units provide illumination light to the sensing area. The fingerprint sensing circuit drives the fingerprint sensor to capture a fingerprint feature image of the finger object.

An exposure method, an electronic device and a master-slave system are provided. The electronic device includes an image capturing circuit and a processor coupled to the image capturing circuit. The processor obtains an exposure command and a first quantity, controls the image capturing circuit to perform an exposure operation to capture an image according to the exposure command, and determines whether a quantity of the image reaches the first quantity. When the quantity of the image does not reach the first quantity, the processor performs the operation of controlling the image capturing circuit to perform the exposure operation to capture the image again. When the quantity of the image reaches the first quantity, the processor stops controlling the image capturing circuit to perform the exposure operation.

A master-slave system, a command execution method, and a data access method are provided. The master-slave system includes a master device and a slave device. The master device provides a first command and a clock signal to the slave device. The slave device executes a first operation corresponding to the first command according to the first command and the clock signal. When the first operation corresponding to the first command is completed, the slave device generates a response signal according to the clock signal to notify the master device an execution result of the first operation corresponding to the first command.

An image data transmission system and an image data transmission method are provided. The image data transmission system includes an image sensing device, a master device, and a serial transmission bus. The serial transmission bus electrically connects the image sensing device and the master device. The master device transmits a read command to the image sensing device through the serial transmission bus, and the image sensing device transmits a first data sequence to the master device through the serial transmission bus in response to the read command.

An optical apparatus including a substrate, a light-emitting module, a transparent optical element and a connecting unit is provided. The light-emitting module is disposed over the substrate and is electrically connected with the substrate. The transparent optical element is disposed over the light-emitting module. The transparent optical element includes a transparent substrate and an optical element. The optical element is disposed on the transparent substrate. The optical element and the transparent substrate are integrally formed and made of a same material. The connecting unit is disposed beside the light-emitting module and is used for connecting the transparent optical element to the substrate.

An optical identification module including a sensor and a collimator is provided. The sensor has a plurality of sensing regions. The collimator is disposed on the sensing regions, and the collimator includes a transparent substrate and a first light shielding layer. The first light shielding layer is disposed on a first surface of the transparent substrate. The first light shielding layer includes a plurality of first openings. A ratio of a thickness of the first light shielding layer to a width of each of the first openings is greater than 1.

Provided is an apparatus for managing image data, by which the image data transferred to a mobile device from an image capturing device connected to the mobile device is managed. The apparatus may include a first controller located in a native layer for communicating with a java layer, a second controller located in a java layer for communicating with the native layer, and a plurality of ring-buffer type shared memories in which the image data transferred from the image capturing device is stored. The first controller may store the image data in the shared memory at a first state according to the order of the shared memories and may change the state information of the shared memory to a second state when the image data is completely stored. The second controller may read the image data stored in the shared memories at the second state according to the order of the shared memories and may change the state information of the shared memory to the first state when the image data is completely read.