An example disclosed system may include a hardware video encoding pipeline (HVEP), the HVEP that includes a prediction module that generates, using a primary prediction mode, a primary encode of a portion of a video stream, and using a secondary prediction mode, a secondary encode of the portion of the video stream. The HVEP may also include (1) a rate-distortion optimization (RDO) module that determines a primary cost associated with the primary encode and a secondary cost associated with the secondary encode, (2) a quality metric (QM) module that determines a primary QM associated with the primary encode and a secondary QM associated with the secondary encode, and (3) a decision module that selects, for an encoding of the video stream, at least one of the primary prediction mode and the secondary prediction mode based on the primary cost, the secondary cost, the primary QM, and the secondary QM.

An image decoding method according to the present document may comprise the steps of: deriving an inter prediction mode from encoded information; configuring reference picture lists, deriving motion information comprising reference picture indexes for symmetric motion vector differences (SMVD); and generating prediction samples on the basis of the motion information, wherein the reference picture indexes for SMVD can be derived on the basis of short-term reference pictures included within the reference picture lists.

An image decoding method according to the present document may comprise the steps of: deriving an inter prediction mode from encoded information; configuring reference picture lists, deriving motion information comprising reference picture indexes for symmetric motion vector differences (SMVD); and generating prediction samples on the basis of the motion information, wherein the reference picture indexes for SMVD can be derived on the basis of short-term reference pictures included within the reference picture lists.

A three-dimensional data encoding method is a three-dimensional data encoding method of encoding three-dimensional points, and includes: determining a predicted value, based on geometry information of one or more candidate points among encoded three-dimensional points; encoding a prediction residual which is a difference between the predicted value and geometry information of a current three-dimensional point to be encoded among the three-dimensional points; generating a bitstream including the prediction residual encoded; and determining the one or more candidate points, for inter prediction of the current three-dimensional point, based on a referenced three-dimensional point encoded immediately before the current three-dimensional point. The three-dimensional points constitute a prediction tree.

A three-dimensional data encoding method is a three-dimensional data encoding method of encoding three-dimensional points, and includes: determining a predicted value, based on geometry information of one or more candidate points among encoded three-dimensional points; encoding a prediction residual which is a difference between the predicted value and geometry information of a current three-dimensional point to be encoded among the three-dimensional points; generating a bitstream including the prediction residual encoded; and determining the one or more candidate points, for inter prediction of the current three-dimensional point, based on a referenced three-dimensional point encoded immediately before the current three-dimensional point. The three-dimensional points constitute a prediction tree.

The present disclosure provides methods and devices of intra predicting a block of a picture. The method comprises for a sample of the block: obtaining a predicted sample value from one or more reference sample values by performing intra-prediction using a DC intra-prediction mode; multiplying the predicted sample value by a sample weighting factor to produce a weighted predicted sample value; adding an additional value to the weighted predicted sample value to produce a non-normalized predicted sample value; and normalizing the non-normalized predicted sample value by an arithmetic right shift; wherein the sample weighting factor is ((2<<p)−wL−wT), wherein p is a parameter of the sample weighting factor, wL is a horizontal weighting factor, and wT is a vertical weighting factor.

The present embodiments relate to a method for encoding and a technical equipment for implementing the method. The method includes receiving a sequence of pictures to be encoded; defining a refresh period for coded pictures, wherein the decoded recovery point picture and all subsequent decoded pictures in output order are correct in content when starting decoding from the random access point picture. The encoding further includes determining the size of the refreshed area; selecting a number of sample columns or rows outside a conformance cropping window so that a boundary between the refreshed area and the unrefreshed area of the picture is aligned with a coding tree unit boundary.

The present embodiments relate to a method for encoding and a technical equipment for implementing the method. The method includes receiving a sequence of pictures to be encoded; defining a refresh period for coded pictures, wherein the decoded recovery point picture and all subsequent decoded pictures in output order are correct in content when starting decoding from the random access point picture. The encoding further includes determining the size of the refreshed area; selecting a number of sample columns or rows outside a conformance cropping window so that a boundary between the refreshed area and the unrefreshed area of the picture is aligned with a coding tree unit boundary.

A video encoding apparatus includes a content activity analyzer circuit and a video encoder circuit. The content activity analyzer circuit applies a content activity analysis process to consecutive frames, to generate content activity analysis results. The consecutive frames are derived from input frames of the video encoding apparatus. The content activity analysis process includes: deriving a first content activity analysis result according to a first frame and a second frame in the consecutive frames, wherein the first content activity analysis result includes a processed frame distinct from the second frame; and deriving a second content activity analysis result according to a third frame included in the consecutive frames and the processed frame. The video encoder circuit performs a video encoding process to generate a bitstream output of the video encoding apparatus, wherein information derived from the content activity analysis results is referenced by the video encoding process.

A method for signalling an intra chroma prediction mode and a method for implementing the signalled intra chroma prediction mode, the intra chroma prediction mode taking an intropolation of previously predicted luma samples from neighboring blocks of video data to attain an intra chroma prediction of a current chroma prediction unit.