An image coding device is provided with a determination unit which determines whether to apply an orthogonal transform to a transform block obtained by dividing a prediction difference signal indicating a difference between an input image and a predicted image or perform a transform skip by which the orthogonal transform is not applied, and an orthogonal transform unit which performs processing selected on the basis of the determination, the image coding device comprising a quantization unit which, when the transform skip is selected on the basis of the determination, quantizes the transform block using a first quantization matrix in which the quantization roughnesses of all elements previously shared with a decoding side are equal, and when the orthogonal transform is applied to the transform block on the basis of the determination, quantizes the transform block using the first quantization matrix or a second quantization matrix that is transmitted to the decoding side.

A method includes receiving transform coefficients corresponding to a scaled video input signal, the scaled video input signal including a plurality of spatial layers that include a base layer. The method also includes determining a spatial rate factor based on a sample of frames from the scaled video input signal. The spatial rate factor defines a factor for bit rate allocation at each spatial layer of an encoded bit stream formed from the scaled video input signal. The spatial rate factor is represented by a difference between a rate of bits per transform coefficient of the base layer and an average rate of bits per transform coefficient. The method also includes reducing a distortion for the plurality of spatial layers by allocating a bit rate to each spatial layer based on the spatial rate factor and the sample of frames.

According to an embodiment, an encoding device includes an index setting unit and an encoding unit. The index setting unit generates a common index in which reference indices of one or more reference images included in a first index and a second index are sorted in a combination so as not to include a same reference image in accordance with a predetermined scanning order. The first index representing a combination of the one or more reference images referred to by a first reference image. The second index representing a combination of the one or more reference images referred to by a second reference image. The encoding unit encodes the common index.

According to an embodiment, an encoding device includes an index setting unit and an encoding unit. The index setting unit generates a common index in which reference indices of one or more reference images included in a first index and a second index are sorted in a combination so as not to include a same reference image in accordance with a predetermined scanning order. The first index representing a combination of the one or more reference images referred to by a first reference image. The second index representing a combination of the one or more reference images referred to by a second reference image. The encoding unit encodes the common index.

Quantization matrix can be used to adjust quantization of transform coefficients at different frequencies. In one embodiment, a single fixed parametric model, such as a polynomial is used to represent a quantization matrix. Modulation of bit cost and complexity is achieved by specifying only the n first polynomial coefficients, the remaining ones being implicitly set to zero or other default values. One form of the single fixed polynomial is a fully developed polynomial in (x,y), where x,y indicate the coordinates of a given coefficient in a quantization matrix, with terms ordered by increasing exponent. Since higher exponents are the last ones, reducing the number of polynomial coefficients reduces the degree of the polynomial, hence its complexity. The polynomial coefficients can be symmetrical in x and y, and thus reducing the number of polynomial coefficients that need to be signaled in the bitstream.

An image decoding apparatus capable of more preferably applying inverse non-separable transform and techniques related thereto are provided. A video decoding apparatus includes a header decoder configured to decode a flag indicating a high accuracy coding mode from a sequence parameter set SPS, a scaling processing unit configured to perform inverse quantization on a transform coefficient for each transform block, and an inverse transform processing unit configured to perform inverse transform. The scaling processing unit switches whether a variable for indicating a range of the transform coefficient depends on a bit depth or does not depend on the bit depth, based on the flag and a size of the transform block.

Entropy coding a sequence of symbols is described. A first probability model for entropy coding is selected. At least one symbol of the sequence is coded using a probability determined using the first probability model. The probability according to the first probability model is updated with an estimation of a second probability model to entropy code a subsequent symbol. The combination may be a fixed or adaptive combination.

Entropy coding a sequence of symbols is described. A first probability model for entropy coding is selected. At least one symbol of the sequence is coded using a probability determined using the first probability model. The probability according to the first probability model is updated with an estimation of a second probability model to entropy code a subsequent symbol. The combination may be a fixed or adaptive combination.

The present disclosure relates to an image processing device and method for enabling control of a value of a quantization parameter within a desired range.

A quantization parameter is corrected on the basis of a parameter regarding adaptive color transform and further correcting the quantization parameter on the basis of a parameter regarding transform skip, and coefficient data of an image to be encoded is quantized using a corrected quantization parameter that is the quantization parameter that has been corrected. The present disclosure can be applied to, for example, an image processing device, an image encoding device, an image decoding device, a transmission device, a reception device, a transmission/reception device, an information processing device, an imaging device, a reproduction device, an electronic device, an image processing method, an information processing method, or the like.

A video decoding method includes performing entropy decoding processing on a code block of a video image frame of a video image frame sequence, to obtain a quantization coefficient block of residual data corresponding to the code block; collecting statistics of quantization coefficients in a target region in the quantization coefficient block, to obtain a quantization coefficient statistical value; selecting a transform matrix combination corresponding to the quantization coefficient statistical value; and performing inverse transform processing on an inverse quantization result of the quantization coefficient block based on the selected transform matrix combination, to obtain reconstructed residual data, the reconstructed residual data being used for video image reconstruction.