A method of encoding a block of an array of data elements comprises selectively writing out an encoded version of the block either that is encoded using a first encoding scheme, which provides encoded blocks of non-fixed data size, or that is encoded using a second encoding scheme, which provides encoded blocks of fixed data size. The selection of which version of the encoded block to write out is based on the size of the encoded block when encoded using the first encoding scheme. This provides the potential for the encoded block that is written out to be compressed in a more superior manner using the first encoding scheme where possible, whilst also providing an encoded block that has a predictable maximum compressed size.

A method for compressing image data is provided. The image data includes a file to be compressed, which includes N blocks to be compressed. The method includes: setting a target data increment of each of the N blocks of the file according to a 0.sup.th accumulated target data size and an N.sup.th accumulated target data size; before compressing an n.sup.th block, calculating an (n−1).sup.th accumulated target data size of an (n−1).sup.th block according to the 0.sup.th accumulated target data size and the target data increment; when a difference between an (n−1).sup.th accumulated compressed data size and the (n−1).sup.th accumulated target data size is smaller than a predetermined threshold, removing X least significant bit(s) of a plurality of sets of data in the n.sup.th block to generate an updated n.sup.th block; and compressing the updated n.sup.th block to generate a compressed n.sup.th block.

A bi-directional lossless encoding and decoding (“BLED”) system for encoding and decoding an acquired image having M by N pixel values (“P”), the BLED system is disclosed. The BLED system includes an input buffer, a first flipping module, a first encoder, a second encoder, a second flipping module, and a transmit buffer.

A bi-directional lossless encoding and decoding (“BLED”) system for encoding and decoding an acquired image having M by N pixel values (“P”), the BLED system is disclosed. The BLED system includes an input buffer, a first flipping module, a first encoder, a second encoder, a second flipping module, and a transmit buffer.

A decoder receives a bitstream containing quantized coefficients representative of blocks of video representative of a plurality of pixels and decodes the bitstream using context adaptive binary arithmetic coding. The context adaptive binary arithmetic coding decodes the current syntax element using the first mode if the current syntax element is intra-coded and selecting between a first set of probable modes and a second set of probable modes, where the first set of probable modes are more likely than the second set of probable modes. The context adaptive binary arithmetic coding decodes the current syntax element using the second mode if the current syntax element is intra-coded and if selecting among one of the second set of probable modes.

A decoder receives a bitstream containing quantized coefficients representative of blocks of video representative of a plurality of pixels and decodes the bitstream using context adaptive binary arithmetic coding. The context adaptive binary arithmetic coding decodes the current syntax element using the first mode if the current syntax element is intra-coded and selecting between a first set of probable modes and a second set of probable modes, where the first set of probable modes are more likely than the second set of probable modes. The context adaptive binary arithmetic coding decodes the current syntax element using the second mode if the current syntax element is intra-coded and if selecting among one of the second set of probable modes.

A moving picture coding apparatus includes an intra-inter prediction unit which calculates a second motion vector by performing a scaling process on a first motion vector of a temporally neighboring corresponding block, when selectively adding, to a list, a motion vector of each of one or more corresponding blocks each of which is either a block included in a current picture to be coded and spatially neighboring a current block to be coded or a block included in a picture other than the current picture and temporally neighboring the current block, determines whether the second motion vector has a magnitude that is within a predetermined magnitude or not within the predetermined magnitude, and adds the second motion vector to the list when the intra-inter prediction unit determines that the second motion vector has a magnitude that is within the predetermined magnitude range.

A moving picture coding apparatus includes an intra-inter prediction unit which calculates a second motion vector by performing a scaling process on a first motion vector of a temporally neighboring corresponding block, when selectively adding, to a list, a motion vector of each of one or more corresponding blocks each of which is either a block included in a current picture to be coded and spatially neighboring a current block to be coded or a block included in a picture other than the current picture and temporally neighboring the current block, determines whether the second motion vector has a magnitude that is within a predetermined magnitude or not within the predetermined magnitude, and adds the second motion vector to the list when the intra-inter prediction unit determines that the second motion vector has a magnitude that is within the predetermined magnitude range.

Encoding an image includes determining respective costs of coding a symbol using available coding types. A first coding type indicates that a value of the symbol is to be decoded using a same number of bits, and a second coding type indicates that the value of the symbol is to be decoded using a range. An optimal coding type of the available coding types is selected, which corresponds to a smallest cost of the respective costs. A first indicator of the optimal coding type and a first symbol value of the symbol using the optimal coding type are encoded in a compressed bitstream. Decoding an image includes decoding, from a header of a compressed bitstream, respective coding types of symbols encoded in the compressed bitstream and decoding, from the compressed bitstream, respective values of the symbols according to the respective coding types decoded from the header.

One or more computing devices, systems, and/or methods for video encoding are provided. For example, a video file may be segmented into at least a first portion and a second portion. The first portion may be analyzed to determine that the first portion is associated with a first level of complexity, and the second portion may be analyzed to determine that the second portion is associated with a second level of complexity. A first bitrate associated with the first level of complexity may be determined, and a second bitrate associated with the second level of complexity may be determined. The first portion may be encoded at the first bitrate to generate a first encoded portion, and the second portion may be encoded at the second bitrate to generate a second encoded portion. The first encoded portion and the second encoded portion may be assembled to generate an optimized video file.