An encoding device includes a deriving unit and an encoding unit. The deriving unit is configured to derive a first reference value based on fixed point precision representing roughness of a weighting factor that is used for multiplying a reference image. The encoding unit is configured to encode a first difference value that is a difference value between the weighting factor and the first reference value and the fixed point precision. The weighting factor is included in a first range of predetermined bit precision having the first reference value at approximate center. The first difference value is in the predetermined range.

An encoding device includes a deriving unit and an encoding unit. The deriving unit is configured to derive a first reference value based on fixed point precision representing roughness of a weighting factor that is used for multiplying a reference image. The encoding unit is configured to encode a first difference value that is a difference value between the weighting factor and the first reference value and the fixed point precision. The weighting factor is included in a first range of predetermined bit precision having the first reference value at approximate center. The first difference value is in the predetermined range.

An image coding method includes selecting two or more transform components from among a plurality of transform components that include a translation component and non-translation components, the two or more transform components serving as reference information that represents a reference destination of a current block; coding selection information that identifies the two or more transform components that have been selected from among the plurality of transform components; and coding the reference information of the current block by using reference information of a coded block different from the current block.

An image coding method includes selecting two or more transform components from among a plurality of transform components that include a translation component and non-translation components, the two or more transform components serving as reference information that represents a reference destination of a current block; coding selection information that identifies the two or more transform components that have been selected from among the plurality of transform components; and coding the reference information of the current block by using reference information of a coded block different from the current block.

A storage system and method for object monitoring/anticipation in surveillance systems are provided. In one embodiment, a storage system is provided comprising a memory and a controller. The controller is configured to identify positions of an object in a plurality of frames of video data provided by a video capture device; determine a rate of movement of the object based on the identified positions; and based on the determined rate of movement of the object, provide a suggestion to the video capture device to dynamically modify an encoding bit rate of the video data to improve video quality of the object. Other embodiments are provided.

A storage system and method for object monitoring/anticipation in surveillance systems are provided. In one embodiment, a storage system is provided comprising a memory and a controller. The controller is configured to identify positions of an object in a plurality of frames of video data provided by a video capture device; determine a rate of movement of the object based on the identified positions; and based on the determined rate of movement of the object, provide a suggestion to the video capture device to dynamically modify an encoding bit rate of the video data to improve video quality of the object. Other embodiments are provided.

An image coding method includes selecting two or more transform components from among a plurality of transform components that include a translation component and non-translation components, the two or more transform components serving as reference information that represents a reference destination of a current block; coding selection information that identifies the two or more transform components that have been selected from among the plurality of transform components; and coding the reference information of the current block by using reference information of a coded block different from the current block.

An image coding method includes selecting two or more transform components from among a plurality of transform components that include a translation component and non-translation components, the two or more transform components serving as reference information that represents a reference destination of a current block; coding selection information that identifies the two or more transform components that have been selected from among the plurality of transform components; and coding the reference information of the current block by using reference information of a coded block different from the current block.

A method includes performing a conversion between a video including video pictures that include one or more subpictures and a bitstream of the video. The bitstream conforms to a format rule specifying that one or more syntax structures are constrained based on a constraint flag of a syntax element that includes general constraints information.

A method includes performing a conversion between a video including video pictures that include one or more subpictures and a bitstream of the video. The bitstream conforms to a format rule specifying that one or more syntax structures are constrained based on a constraint flag of a syntax element that includes general constraints information.