An apparatus for video encoding includes processing circuitry that determines that a current block is not coded in an intra block copy (IBC) mode. Responsive to the determination that the current block is not coded in the IBC mode, the processing circuitry determines whether a size of the current block is greater than a threshold. The processing circuitry encodes a mode prediction flag into a coded bitstream based on the size of the current block being greater than the threshold. The mode prediction flag indicates whether the current block is coded in an intra prediction mode.

A padding processing section replaces, by using an input image which is a two-dimensional image in which plural fisheye images configuring a predetermined azimuth range are provided side by side, an image to be used in a prediction process outside a valid region of a fisheye image with an image at a corresponding position in a valid region of another fisheye image based on continuity of the plural fisheye images to reduce prediction errors. The padding processing section calculates the position in the valid region of the other fisheye image corresponding to the position outside the valid region based on fisheye image information indicative, for each fisheye image, of a center position, a fisheye radius, or a state of reversal or rotation of the fisheye image in the two-dimensional image. A reversible encoding section includes the fisheye image information into an encoded stream of the two-dimensional image.

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for image data encoding/decoding. A method of decoding an image includes receiving a bitstream in which the image is encoded; obtaining index information for specifying a block division type of a current block in the image; and determining the block division type of the current block from a candidate group pre-defined in the decoding apparatus. The candidate group includes a plurality of candidate division types, including at least one of a non-division, a first quad-division, a second quad-division, a binary-division or a triple-division. The method also includes dividing the current block into a plurality of sub-blocks; and decoding each of the sub-blocks with reference to syntax information obtained from the bitstream.

A method of video processing is described. The method includes determining, for a conversion between a current video block of a video picture of a video and a coded representation of the video, whether or how to reset reference sample values of a reference region of the video picture used for predicting the current video block according to a rule; and performing the conversion based on the determining.

Provided is an image processing device including a reception section configured to receive an encoded stream set in syntax of the encoded stream in which motion vector (MV) range limit information is encoded in units in which image data have a hierarchical structure and the MV range limit information, the MV range limit information being information about a limit of a value of a vertical direction of an MV for referring to a view different from a view of a current block in an inter-view MV corresponding to the current block, and a decoding section configured to decode the encoded stream received by the reception section using the MV range limit information received by the reception section.

Provided is an image processing device including a reception section configured to receive an encoded stream set in syntax of the encoded stream in which motion vector (MV) range limit information is encoded in units in which image data have a hierarchical structure and the MV range limit information, the MV range limit information being information about a limit of a value of a vertical direction of an MV for referring to a view different from a view of a current block in an inter-view MV corresponding to the current block, and a decoding section configured to decode the encoded stream received by the reception section using the MV range limit information received by the reception section.

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for image data encoding/decoding. A method for decoding a 360-degree image includes the steps of: receiving a bitstream obtained by encoding a 360-degree image; generating a prediction image by making reference to syntax information obtained from the received bitstream; adding the generated prediction image to a residual image obtained by dequantizing and inverse-transforming the bitstream, so as to obtain a decoded image; and reconstructing the decoded image into a 360-degree image according to a projection format. Therefore, the performance of image data compression can be improved.

An example device for decoding video data includes one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured t: form first and second prediction blocks using first and second motion vectors and combine the first and second prediction blocks according to BDOF to form a final prediction block. For at least one sample location, the one or more processors are configured to determine that a first predictor for the at least one sample location is outside of a boundary of the first reference picture; determine that a second predictor for the at least one sample location is within a boundary of the second reference picture; set the first predictor equal to the second predictor; and determine a final BDOF value for a sample at the at least one sample location using the first predictor and the second predictor.

A coding tool is provided to improve the compression performance of inter prediction and is used at the encoder/decoder side to adjust the correction of a motion vector based on a high level syntax. In addition, a method is provided for simply performing an integer sample search step of searching for an integer offset and a fractional sample refinement step of searching for a sub-pixel offset in relation to motion vector refinement among coding tools.

A method for point cloud encoding includes generating, for a three-dimensional (3D) point cloud, video frames and atlas frames that includes pixels representing information about the 3D point cloud, wherein atlas tiles represent partitions in the atlas frames and video tiles represent partitions in the video frames. The method also includes setting a value for a syntax element according to relationships between sizes of the video tiles and sizes of the atlas tiles. The method further includes encoding the video frames and the atlas frames to generate video sub-bitstreams and an atlas sub-bitstream, respectively. Additionally, the method includes generating a bitstream based on the atlas sub-bitstream, the video sub-bitstreams, and the syntax element and transmitting the bitstream.