Several improvements for use with Bidirectionally Predictive (B) pictures within a video sequence are provided. In certain improvements Direct Mode encoding and/or Motion Vector Prediction are enhanced using spatial prediction techniques. In other improvements Motion Vector prediction includes temporal distance and subblock information, for example, for more accurate prediction. Such improvements and other presented herein significantly improve the performance of any applicable video coding system/logic.

According to the present document, a video decoding method performed by a video decoding apparatus may comprise the steps of: parsing a first flag and a second flag from a bitstream, wherein the first flag is related to whether weighted prediction is applied to slices referring to a picture parameter set, and the second flag is related to whether information relating to the weighted prediction exists in a picture header; parsing a prediction weighted table syntax from the picture header based on the first flag and the second flag; generating prediction samples for a current block in a current picture based on syntax elements within the prediction weighted table syntax; generating residual samples based on residual information; and generating reconstructed samples based on the prediction samples and the residual samples, wherein the second flag is parsed from the picture parameter set based on the first flag.

A video motion estimation method including obtaining a plurality of image frames in a video, and performing scenario classification processing on the plurality of image frames to obtain a plurality of image frame sets. The method further includes extracting a contour feature and a color feature of a foreground object of each image frame, and determining a search range corresponding to each image frame set. The method further includes determining a starting search point in each predicted frame. The method further includes, for each image frame set, performing motion estimation processing in a search region corresponding to the search range of each predicted frame set based on the starting search point of the respective predicted frame, a reference block in at least one reference frame of the respective image frame set, and the color feature of the foreground object, to obtain a motion vector corresponding to the reference block.

Methods and apparatuses for video coding are provided. The method includes that a decoder determines whether one or more reference picture lists are signaled in a picture header (PH) associated with a picture and whether the one or more reference picture lists indicate that one or more slices associated with the picture are bi-predictive. The method further includes that the decoder adds one or more constraints to one or more syntax elements in the PH in response to determining that the one or more reference picture lists are signaled in the PH and the one or more reference picture lists indicate that the one or more slices are not bi-predictive.

Methods and apparatuses for video coding are provided. The method includes that a decoder determines whether one or more reference picture lists are signaled in a picture header (PH) associated with a picture and whether the one or more reference picture lists indicate that one or more slices associated with the picture are bi-predictive. The method further includes that the decoder adds one or more constraints to one or more syntax elements in the PH in response to determining that the one or more reference picture lists are signaled in the PH and the one or more reference picture lists indicate that the one or more slices are not bi-predictive.

An encoder includes memory and circuitry. The circuitry: derives a first motion vector in a unit of a prediction block using a first inter frame prediction mode that uses a degree of matching between two reconstructed images of two regions in two difference pictures, the prediction block being obtained by splitting an image included in a video; and performs, in the unit of the prediction block, a first motion compensation process that generates a prediction image by referring to a spatial gradient of luminance in an image generated by performing motion compensation using the first motion vector derived.

An encoder includes memory and circuitry. The circuitry: derives a first motion vector in a unit of a prediction block using a first inter frame prediction mode that uses a degree of matching between two reconstructed images of two regions in two difference pictures, the prediction block being obtained by splitting an image included in a video; and performs, in the unit of the prediction block, a first motion compensation process that generates a prediction image by referring to a spatial gradient of luminance in an image generated by performing motion compensation using the first motion vector derived.

The present disclosure provides a video picture coding method, a video picture decoding method, a coding device, and a decoding device. The method includes: determining a distance between control points for an affine picture block; determining a motion vector difference for the affine picture block, motion vectors of the control points being used to determine the motion vector difference; and performing coding processing on the affine picture block over a size that includes a horizontal length and a vertical length, wherein the horizontal length and the vertical length vary based on the distance between the control points, the motion vector difference, and a motion vector precision.

The present disclosure provides a video picture coding method, a video picture decoding method, a coding device, and a decoding device. The method includes: determining a distance between control points for an affine picture block; determining a motion vector difference for the affine picture block, motion vectors of the control points being used to determine the motion vector difference; and performing coding processing on the affine picture block over a size that includes a horizontal length and a vertical length, wherein the horizontal length and the vertical length vary based on the distance between the control points, the motion vector difference, and a motion vector precision.

A target identification method includes receiving target detection information for a current target from a device, and acquiring target state information of multiple reference targets. A degree of matching between the target detection information and the target state information of each of the multiple reference targets is determined; and the current target is associated with a corresponding reference target having a best degree of matching amongst the multiple reference targets.