A method of processing media data. The method includes determining, for a conversion between a media data and a media data file, that a preselection element includes an indicator, wherein the indicator indicates which video data units of a main video represent a target picture-in-picture region; and performing the conversion between the media data and the media data file based on the indicator. A corresponding video coding apparatus and non-transitory computer-readable recording medium are also disclosed.

A method of processing media data. The method includes determining, for a conversion between the media data and a media data file, whether a preselection element includes an indicator, wherein the indicator indicates that video data units representing a target picture-in-picture region of a main video are able to be replaced by corresponding video data units of a supplementary video; and performing the conversion between the media data and the media data file based on the indicator. A corresponding video coding apparatus and non-transitory computer-readable recording medium are also disclosed.

Systems and methods for real-time transmission of data streams are disclosed. A controller receives data representing selected stream parameters from a browser residing on a computing device. The controller transmits the received data to a video transmitting device. A transcoder receives a first data stream generated according to the selected stream parameters from the video transmitting device. The transcoder generates a second data stream from the first data stream, the second data stream formatted for browser display; and then transmits the second data stream to the browser. A user may remotely control the video transmitting device using the browser. A user may view data streams from multiple video transmitting devices using the browser.

Systems and methods for real-time transmission of data streams are disclosed. A controller receives data representing selected stream parameters from a browser residing on a computing device. The controller transmits the received data to a video transmitting device. A transcoder receives a first data stream generated according to the selected stream parameters from the video transmitting device. The transcoder generates a second data stream from the first data stream, the second data stream formatted for browser display; and then transmits the second data stream to the browser. A user may remotely control the video transmitting device using the browser. A user may view data streams from multiple video transmitting devices using the browser.

A system and method for effectuating fast channel change in an adaptive streaming environment. A plurality of adjacent channels may be predicted relative to a current streaming channel engaged by a client device. Upon prioritizing the adjacent channels, the client device may be configured to pre-fetch metadata and initialization information for a subset of the prioritized adjacent channels based on bandwidth conditions, video player buffer status, etc. When a channel is changed, the client device is operative to use the pre-fetched data to quickly obtain encoded media content at a select bitrate for rendering.

A system and method for effectuating fast channel change in an adaptive streaming environment. A plurality of adjacent channels may be predicted relative to a current streaming channel engaged by a client device. Upon prioritizing the adjacent channels, the client device may be configured to pre-fetch metadata and initialization information for a subset of the prioritized adjacent channels based on bandwidth conditions, video player buffer status, etc. When a channel is changed, the client device is operative to use the pre-fetched data to quickly obtain encoded media content at a select bitrate for rendering.

The following describes techniques to maintain continuity of a live media stream. A media stream includes a first distribution layer with a first set of key frames and a set of delta frames succeeding key frames in the first set of key frames. The media stream also includes a second distribution layer including a second set of key frames, where the second set of key frames contains fewer key frames than the first set of key frames. Using the first and second distribution layers, a client device may subscribe to the media stream with a minimized start-up time and optimized quality of experience among varying complexity of the media content and dynamic network conditions.

A method of controlling, from a user device, a manner in which program content is received from a content server. The method includes: transmitting, from the user device, at least one transmission-quality-of-service (TXQ) parameter to the content server, wherein the at least one TXQ parameter updates a default TXQ parameter at the content server; and in response to transmitting the at least one TXQ parameter, receiving new program content in accordance with the at least one TXQ parameter.

A method of controlling, from a user device, a manner in which program content is received from a content server. The method includes: transmitting, from the user device, at least one transmission-quality-of-service (TXQ) parameter to the content server, wherein the at least one TXQ parameter updates a default TXQ parameter at the content server; and in response to transmitting the at least one TXQ parameter, receiving new program content in accordance with the at least one TXQ parameter.

A video system includes one or more media sources and a media server configured to communicate with a video viewing device through a network. The media server includes memory and a processor configured to perform operations. The operations include receiving a video stream from the one or more media sources, where the video stream includes a plurality of image frames. The operations also include determining whether throttling is enabled for the video stream. Based on determining that throttling is enabled, one or more of the image frames of the video stream are dropped until a predetermined condition is met and one of the image frames from the media server is transmitted through the network to the video viewing device after the predetermined condition is met. Based on determining that throttling is disabled, the image frames are transmitted from the media server through the network to the video viewing device.