A system includes a switch and first and second servers. The switch receives first data and provides the first data to the first and second servers. The first server determines second data based on the first data and transmits the second data to the switch. The second server determines third data based on the first data in response to a faulty indication that the first server has failed to transmit the second data to the switch and transmits the third data to the switch. The switch transmits fourth data to the second server and a third server. The fourth data is either the second data or the third data. The second data is identical to the third data so as to confirm that one of the second data or the third data is transmitted to the third server when the first server has failed to transmit the second data.

An optical device having a self-repair component capable of curing a defective component(s) is disclosed. To improve reliability as well as manufacturing yield, a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) for as a multi-channel optical line terminal (OLT) contains spare lasers or standby lasers configured to replace a failed laser(s). In one aspect, PIC includes a set of fixed-wavelength lasers (FWLs), a tunable-wavelength auxiliary laser (TWAL), a photonic detector, and a tuner. FWLs, for example, generate optical wavelengths representing optical signals. TWAL generates an optical signal with a spectrum of wavelengths based on a setting generated by the tuner. The photonic detector detects a defective wavelength. The tuner adjusts output wavelength of TWAL in response to the defective wavelength. Alternatively, PIC includes a working laser array, standby laser array, and spare laser array capable of providing two layer laser defective protections.

An apparatus includes a first reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) to receive a first optical signal and a second ROADM to receive a second optical signal. The apparatus also includes a reconfigurable optical switch that includes a first switch, switchable between a first state and a second state, to transmit the first optical signal at the first state and block the first optical signal at the second state. The reconfigurable optical switch also includes a second switch, switchable between the first state and the second state, to transmit the second optical signal at the first state and block the second optical signal at the second state. The reconfigurable optical switch also includes an output port to transmit an output signal that is a sum of possible optical signals transmitted through the first switch and the second switch.

A transmission system includes: a first transmission device that receives a first signal from the work path; a second transmission device, coupled to a protection path in a redundant configuration with respect to the work path, that receives a second signal from the protection path; and a first communication device coupled to the first and second transmission devices, wherein the first communication device, when detecting switching information from the first transmission device, notifies the first transmission device of first switching notification information and notifies the second transmission device of second switching notification information, the first transmission device stops relaying the first signal to the first communication device in response to the first switching notification information from the first communication device, and the second transmission device starts to relay the second signal to the first communication device in response to the second switching notification information from the first communication device.

The present invention discloses a passive optical network communications method, apparatus and system. The method includes: receiving, by an optical network unit, a first message sent by an optical line terminal, where the first message carries backup wavelength channel ID information; switching, by the optical network unit when the optical network unit detects a fault, an operating wavelength channel of the optical network unit to a backup wavelength channel identified by the backup wavelength channel ID information; and performing, by the optical network unit, data communication over the switched-to backup wavelength channel. In this way, fast protection switching of a passive optical network system is implemented and reliability of the system is improved.

A communication system includes a source node and an end node of a first working path, a source node and an end node of a second working path, and a source node and an end node of a common path serving as a protection path shared by the first and second working paths. The source node of the common path transfers one of signals received from the source nodes of the first and second working paths to the common path, and the end node of the common path transmits the signal received through the common path to each of the end nodes of the first and second working paths.

A pluggable optical transceiver includes one or more optical receivers; one or more optical transmitters; and a host interface communicatively coupled electrically to the one or more optical receivers and the one or more optical transmitters and communicatively coupled electrically via a plurality of pins to a host device, wherein, to disable one or more lanes of the one or more transmitters, a fast electrical squelch implemented in less than about 10 ms is utilized to turn off or turn on associated pins for the one or more optical transmitters. The pluggable optical transceiver can be a Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP) type module.

A method for generating a customized WRONoC topology is proposed, which is executed by a computer, the method comprising using the computer to perform the following: providing design rules, design specs and a pre-assignment netlist; performing a topology initialization which an initial topology with a minimum number of MRRs is generated according to the netlist; performing a critical path-aware SA optimization to optimize the topology; and performing a wavelength assignment such that the wavelength used by each signal is determined.

Systems and methods include receiving a list of prioritized optical restoration paths for each of a plurality of failures in a multi-layer network, wherein each list of prioritized optical restoration paths for a corresponding failure of the plurality of failures is determined based on modeling impact of the given failure on a higher layer, relative to an optical layer; and, responsive to a failure of the plurality of failures, utilizing a corresponding list of prioritized optical restoration paths for the failure to restore services in the optical layer. The modeling impact can include determining new routes and link utilization in the higher layer, prioritizing links in the higher layer, and utilizing the prioritized links to determine the list of prioritized optical restoration paths, for the given failure. The higher layer can be an Internet Protocol (IP) layer.

A system includes a switch and first and second servers. The switch receives first data and provides the first data to the first and second servers. The first server determines second data based on the first data and transmits the second data to the switch. The second server determines third data based on the first data in response to a faulty indication that the first server has failed to transmit the second data to the switch and transmits the third data to the switch. The switch transmits fourth data to the second server and a third server. The fourth data is either the second data or the third data. The second data is identical to the third data so as to confirm that one of the second data or the third data is transmitted to the third server when the first server has failed to transmit the second data.