The present invention provides a receiving device and an optical switching fabric apparatus, where the receiving device includes: multiple selecting modules, a fast optical switch connecting to each selecting module, an output module connecting to all the fast optical switches, and a receiver connecting to the output module, where the selecting module is configured to receive a multiwavelength optical signal, select and filter a first optical signal of a preset time segment in the multiwavelength optical signal; the fast optical switch is configured to select a second optical signal from the first optical signal filtered by the selecting module; the output module is configured to combine optical signals separately selected by all the fast optical switches into one optical burst signal; and the receiver is configured to perform optical-to-electrical conversion on the optical burst signal, and extract service data from an electrical signal.

A transmission apparatus includes: a first mapping unit configured to allocate a first frame that stores a client signal to an intermediate frame; a second mapping unit configured to allocate the intermediate frame to a second frame that has a higher bit rate than a bit rate of the first frame; and a rate controller configured to control a bit rate of the intermediate frame based on the bit rate of the first frame and the bit rate of the second frame.

An apparatus comprises: a first clock; a receiver configured to: receive a first packet via a first channel corresponding to a first wavelength, and receive a third packet via a third channel corresponding to a third wavelength; and a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to: implement channel bonding using the first channel and the third channel, synchronize the first clock based on the first packet, and calculate a channel skew between the first channel and the third channel based on the first clock.

In various embodiments, a method is provided. In this method, a first signal is received from a master node, and is sampled to obtain a first sample. The first sample is then quantized to obtain a quantized form of the first sample. A first synchronization sequence is detected from the quantized form of the first sample at T2. First information is received from the master node and the first information is used to indicate a moment T1 at which the master node sends the first synchronization sequence. A second synchronization sequence is sent to the master node at T3. Second information received from the master node and the second information is used to indicate a moment T4 at which the master node detects a quantized form of the second synchronization sequence. Time synchronization is performed based on T1, T2, T3, and T4.

Systems and methods for providing transmission and reception of hybrid time and wavelength division multiplexed signals on passive optical networks are provided. Networks that use shared transmission media avoid interference between transmitters by restricting the times or wavelengths that given transmitters may use to transmit their messages. The hybrid broadcast WDM TDM PON architecture enables transmitters to use multiple fixed wavelengths for parallel optical transmission within given timeslots to avoid interference with other transmitters and make use of inexpensive fixed optical components to gain a speed advantage over existing architectures while making use of their deployed infrastructure. A single scheduling manager controls the timeslots of upstream and downstream transmissions, which make use of existing standards.

Constellations of distributors interconnect access nodes to form a vast contiguous network. The access nodes are generally geographically spread and the constellations are generally geographically spread, however the distributors within each constellation are collocated. The access nodes are arranged into access groups. The access nodes of each access group interconnect through selected constellations, with each access node having a wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) link to each of the selected constellations, to form a three-stage network. The three-stage networks corresponding to the access groups are mutually fused so that an access node of any three-stage network has multiple paths, each traversing one distributor, to each other access node of the same three-stage network and a path to each other access node of the entire network traversing one distributor. The distributors are preferable configured as fast optical switches. The network is structured to provide global coverage without the need for conventional cross-connectors.

Transmitting devices used in an optical access system in which a plurality of the transmitting devices transmit an optical burst signal to a receiving device by time division multiple access, the transmitting devices each including an arithmetic processing unit, the arithmetic processing unit including: a data signal transmission instruction unit, the a data signal transmission instruction unit that outputs a first instruction for controlling transmission processing of a data signal on the basis of a requester's instruction; an optical signal control instruction unit that outputs a second instruction for controlling output processing of an optical signal on the basis of the requester's instruction; and an instruction output adjustment unit that adjusts a timing at which the first instruction is output and a timing at which the second instruction is output.

An optical network includes an arrangement of optical nodes. An optical node of the arrangement, and corresponding method, perform optical connectivity discovery and negotiation-less optical fiber continuity verification in the optical network. An overall topology of optical connectivity provisioned for the arrangement is discovered by the optical node based on messages received from a management network communicatively coupling the optical nodes to each other. The optical node synchronizes, temporally and sequentially, with the other optical nodes based on the messages received, assigns fiber of the overall topology, based on a verification sequencing method, to verification slots of a verification sequence, and verifies continuity of fiber according to the verification slots of the verification sequence. The discovery, synchronization, and assignment operations enable the optical node and peer node to perform the optical fiber continuity verification in a symmetric, decentralized, and negotiation-less manner.

A network switching system and method and a computer program product for operating a network switch are disclosed. The network switch includes a multitude of input ports and a multitude of output ports. In one embodiment, one processing device is assigned to each of the input ports and output ports to process data packets received at the input ports and transferred to the output ports. In one embodiment, the method comprises creating an intermediate adjustable configuration of processing devices functionally between the input ports and the output ports, and assigning the processing devices of the intermediate configuration to forward the data packets from the input ports to the output ports to obtain a balance between latency and synchronization of the transfer of the data packets from the input ports to the output ports. In an embodiment, software is used to create and to adjust dynamically the intermediate configuration.

In various embodiments, a method is provided. In this method, a first signal is received from a master node, and is sampled to obtain a first sample. The first sample is then quantized to obtain a quantized form of the first sample. A first synchronization sequence is detected from the quantized form of the first sample at T2. First information is received from the master node and the first information is used to indicate a moment T1 at which the master node sends the first synchronization sequence. A second synchronization sequence is sent to the master node at T3. Second information received from the master node and the second information is used to indicate a moment T4 at which the master node detects a quantized form of the second synchronization sequence. Time synchronization is performed based on T1, T2, T3, and T4.