The embodiments of the invention disclose a data encapsulation and transmission methods, a device, and a computer storage medium. The data encapsulation method comprises: encapsulating, according to a CPRI line bit rate at a receiving terminal and using FTN encapsulation, a frame corresponding to CPRI to be a block frame combination comprising at least block frame, wherein each block frame comprises 256 words, and each word comprises a frame overhead byte and a frame payload byte.

Provided are a method and a device for implementing timeslot synchronization. The method includes: a master node performing timeslot synchronization training of an OBTN according to a timeslot length of the OBTN. By adopting the solution provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, an FDL does not need to be considered in node design, the node design is simplified, the time precision of synchronization is improved and no loss is caused to optical efficiency.

A time synchronization method for a passive optical network, and an electronic device and a storage medium are disclosed. The method may include acquiring a first response time from a first optical network unit (ONU); performing a ranging calculation to the first ONU to acquire a first equalization time delay; generating an equalization delay configuration message according to the first response time and the first equalization delay; and sending the equalization delay configuration message to a second ONU to configure a second equalization delay for the second ONU; where the first ONU and the second ONU access the same branch optical fiber.

Methods and systems of a leased line appliance (LLA) network switching system that includes using LLAs for leased line circuits (LLCs) to Internet Protocol (IP) transceiving, IP to LLCs transceiving, and an IP switch fabric having multiple parallel paths as a switching/routing network are disclosed. Each of the LLAs at the edge of the IP switch fabric may perform LLC to IP packet assembly procedures, may perform IP packet to LLC re-assembly procedures, and may utilize the protocol fields of the IP packet header of the IP packet for IP packet transport, which may enable the transport of very high speed leased line services to be carried over an IP/MPLS network using the IP switch fabric.

An optical module for use in an optical system, the optical module implementing Precision Time Protocol (PTP) clock functionality therein. The optical module includes an electrical interface with the optical system; circuitry connected to the electrical interface and configured to implement a plurality of functions of functionality; an optical interface connected to the circuitry; and timing circuitry connected to the electrical interface and one or more of the plurality of functions, wherein the timing circuitry is configured to implement the PTP clock functionality.

Network devices and associated methods are provided for synchronization in an optically switched network. The network device includes one or more ports in communication with a plurality of devices via an optical switch. The one or more ports receive a master clock signal having a first frequency from a first device of the plurality of devices. The network device includes a local clock in communication with the one or more ports and operating at a second frequency. The network device includes a synchronization manager in communication with the one or more ports and the local clock and configured to be enabled and disabled. When the synchronization manager is enabled, it receives the master clock signal via the one or more ports and transmits an instruction to the local clock to operate at the first frequency.

An end-to-end method is provided for scheduling connections for networks such as all-optical data centers, which have a zero in-network buffer and a non-negligible reconfiguration delay in which the rate of schedule reconfiguration is limited to minimize the impact of reduced duty-cycles and to ensure bounded delay without overly restricting the rate of monitoring and decision processes. The method decouples the rate of scheduling from the rate of monitoring. A scheduling algorithm for switches with a reconfiguration delay is used which is based on the well-known MaxWeight scheduling policy. The scheduling policy requires no prior knowledge of traffic load.

A transparent clock converter is interposed between a non-precision time protocol (non-PTP) enabled network node and other portions of the network. The transparent clock converter effectively converts the non-PTP node into a transparent clock node. In some embodiments the transparent clock converter includes physical layer devices, but not media access controllers.

Systems and methods for providing transmission and reception of hybrid time and wavelength division multiplexed signals on passive optical networks are provided. Networks that use shared transmission media avoid interference between transmitters by restricting the times or wavelengths that given transmitters may use to transmit their messages. The hybrid broadcast WDM TDM PON architecture enables transmitters to use multiple fixed wavelengths for parallel optical transmission within given timeslots to avoid interference with other transmitters and make use of inexpensive fixed optical components to gain a speed advantage over existing architectures while making use of their deployed infrastructure. A single scheduling manager controls the timeslots of upstream and downstream transmissions, which make use of existing standards.

A telecommunications access network comprises a primary aggregation point in the form of an exchange, a plurality of optic fiber to metallic pair interface aggregation points which may be in the form of Distribution Point Units (DPUs) each of which is connected to the primary aggregation point by a respective optical fiber connection, and a plurality of terminating devices which may be in the form of customer premises equipment (CPE) devices, each of which is connected to a respective one of the optic fiber to metallic pair interface aggregation points by a respective twisted metallic pair connection. The access network further includes a plurality of metallic, interface-interface connections between one or more pairs of the optic fiber to metallic pair interface aggregation points. Each metallic, interface-interface connection preferably comprises three or more twisted metallic pairs of wires.