The performance and ease of management of wireless communications environments is improved by a mechanism that enables access points (APs) to perform automatic channel selection. A wireless network can therefore include multiple APs, each of which will automatically choose a channel such that channel usage is optimized. Furthermore, APs can perform automatic power adjustment so that multiple APs can operate on the same channel while minimizing interference with each other. Wireless stations are load balanced across APs so that user bandwidth is optimized. A movement detection scheme provides seamless roaming of stations between APs.

In a wireless network that includes mobile users (such as vehicles), the signal quality is constantly changing due to changing distances from the base station, variable attenuation factors such as passing obstructions, and beamforming in 5G and 6G networks. An automatic algorithm can compensate for transmission variations by adjusting the transmission power of the base station and/or the mobile user device, to account for the current location and motion of the mobile user device. The radio attenuation factor can be measured throughout the base station's region, and the attenuation map can be used to boost downlink power to vehicles in dead zones, while saving power in regions of good receptivity. The base station can thereby maintain the expected QoS despite motions. An AI model may be used to select the optimal power level.

A parameter server located at a base station may coordinate federated learning among multiple user equipment (UEs) using over-the-air (OTA) aggregation with power control to mitigate aggregation distortion due to amplitude misalignment. The parameter server may select a first group of UEs for a first OTA aggregation session of a federated learning round based on a common received power property of each UE in the first group of UEs. The parameter server may transmit a global model to the first group of UEs. Each UE in the first group may train the global model based on a local dataset and transmit values associated with the trained local model. The parameter server may receive, on resource elements for the first group of UEs, a first aggregate amplitude modulated analog signal representing a combined response from the first group of UEs.

A transmit power determining method and apparatus are disclosed. The method includes: calculating, channel state information of a channel between the wireless access point device and a station device within a particular time range; comparing, by the wireless access point device, the channel state information with pre-obtained reference channel state information, and adjusting, according to a result of the comparison, a transmit power currently used by the wireless access point device; and sending, by the wireless access point device to the station device by using a transmit power after the adjustment, a message carrying data. During implementation of the present disclosure, a transmit power for sending data can be adjusted according to channel state information corresponding to a channel between a wireless access point device and a station device, thereby avoiding unnecessary power overheads and a waste of energy.

A method for controlling an aggregated interference generated by at least two white space units in at least one point in space for at least one frequency channel is provided. A model of propagation channels from each of the white space units to each of the at least one point includes a variable with a lognormal distribution. The method comprises receiving requests for usage of white space frequency channels from the white space units. The requests include positions of the white space units. Output power limits are determined for the white space units by maximizing a utility function while fulfilling a probabilistic constraint on the amount of aggregated interference generated in each of the at least one point. A sum of lognormal variables in the probabilistic constraint is approximated by a single lognormal variable. The determined output power limits are then transmitted to the respective white space units.

Subscription based multiple-input-single-output and multiple-input-multiple-output wireless energy transfer enables selective charging and powering of mobile devices using a plurality of spatially distributed transmitters that are synchronized under the control of a transmitter controller. Amplitude, phase, and frequency of each transmitter is controlled to promote or deny the transfer of energy to particular mobile devices or positions through optimization techniques based on the incident power level at each mobile device subscribing to the system. Measurements related to the incident power level may be directly provided by the mobile device or the incident power is remotely determined through analysis of backscatter gains.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques and apparatus for operating a wireless communication device pursuant to radio frequency (RF) exposure compliance. A method that may be performed by a wireless device includes determining a first budget for one or more radios. The method also includes converting the first budget to a second budget for the one or more radios in response to a transition from a first maximum time-averaged RF exposure limit with a first time window to a second maximum time-averaged RF exposure limit with a second time window. The method further includes transmitting a signal with the one or more radios at a transmit power determined based at least in part on the second maximum time-averaged RF exposure limit and the second budget.

A method for exchanging information between in-vehicle terminals, and an in-vehicle terminal is provided. The method includes a first in-vehicle terminal that triggers, by sending a broadcast message, at least one surrounding second in-vehicle terminal to establish a first relationship with the first in-vehicle terminal, and establishes a second relationship with at least one third in-vehicle terminal. The first in-vehicle terminal separately exchanges information about a correspondence type with the at least one second or third in-vehicle terminal so that more vehicles can intelligently exchange in-vehicle information, and exchange different information with different in-vehicle terminals. This can properly protect privacy information.

Methods and devices for spectrum sensing using sliding window energy detection are provided. A sliding window energy detection test having a number of continuously-performed tests can be analyzed according to a desired cumulative false alarm rate to provide a corresponding, testing threshold. Based on the testing threshold and target signal to noise ratio, a testing window length is selected such that the sliding window energy detection is performed for a minimum expected discrete detection time. A sliding window energy detector can then obtain the selected testing window length and the corresponding, testing threshold for spectrum sensing. The sliding window energy detector includes a sampling unit, a detection probability analyzer, a testing statistic generator, a false alarm analyzer, a comparing unit, and a declaring unit.

The present invention discloses a power control apparatus and method in a wireless communication system. According to the present invention, among FUE units neighboring to an MUE unit of a victim cell, an FUE unit of an aggressor cell may be derived on the basis of information on RSRP of the FUE unit registered in a closed subscriber group, and a threshold interference value of the FUE unit. Also, power of the derived FUE unit of the aggressor cell may be gradually decreased until an interference of the MUE unit of the victim cell becomes greater than a predefined threshold interference value, and an SINR of the FUE unit of the aggressor cell becomes equal to or greater than a target SINR. Accordingly, CCI can be reduced in a heterogeneous network environment, data transmission speed can be improved, and latency time can be reduced by reducing feedback time.