Base stations and user devices can transmit 5G and 6G messages with a wide range of transmission power levels. Selecting the appropriate power level for each message is a complex problem, dependent on the distance to the recipient, the background noise and interference level, priority, and many other conflicting factors. To provide an objective recommendation of the transmitter power level, an artificial intelligence model may be trained, using actual network and message parameters, to accurately predict the subsequent network performance versus power level. Then, a practical algorithm may be derived from the trained AI model, and used by base stations and user devices to select an appropriate transmission power level according to current network conditions and message properties. Use of an appropriate transmission power level for each message may reduce message faults, enhance reliability, mitigate external noise and interference, and save energy especially for battery-operated user devices.

In 5G/6G wireless networks, user devices and base stations may adjust their transmission power according to the distance to the recipient, and thereby provide sufficient reception without wasting energy or generating interference. User devices can determine their own location by GPS, for example, and transmit that data to the base station so that the base station can adjust its downlink power accordingly. Likewise. base stations can transmit their location coordinates to user devices in, for example, a system information message. Sidelink, or V2V and V2X, messages can likewise be power-adjusted after user devices exchange their location coordinates. Mobile user devices can also indicate their speed and direction of travel, so that the base station or other user devices can calculate the changing distance and compensate power accordingly. The method may enhance reliability by providing that messages arrive at the recipient with sufficient amplitude for reception, and may provide low latency by avoiding the time-consuming power scan, while avoiding delays for retransmissions and the like.

Aspects relate to mechanisms for wireless communication devices to environmental sensing with the assistance of a network. A UE transmits an increase transmission power request message to a base station. The UE receives an increase transmission power acceptance message from the base station in response to transmitting the increase transmission power request message. The UE transmits a transmission using an increased transmission power for reflection by at least one object based on the increase transmission power acceptance message. The UE receives a reflection of the transmission reflected off the at least one object. The UE determines at least one parameter associated with the object based on the reflection of the transmission reflected off the at least one object.

In 5G/6G wireless networks, a user device and a base station may transmit and receive messages unidirectionally, using directional antennas, and may thereby provide sufficient reception while saving energy and time. A user device can determine its own location and the location of the base station, calculate an angle toward the base station, and thereby transmit a narrow-beam message to the base station. The message may indicate the user device's location so that the base station can direct its transmission and reception beam toward the user device. The user device and the base station can then transmit and receive messages unidirectionally for improved energy efficiency, improved reception, and reduced interference generation. In addition, a mobile user device can indicate its speed and direction of travel, so that the base station or other user devices can calculate the changing angle and direction toward the other, and may thereby redirect their transmission and reception beams toward the other, without the need for frequent location messages or beam scanning.

Base stations and user devices can transmit 5G and 6G messages with a wide range of transmission power levels. Selecting the appropriate power level for each message is a complex problem, dependent on the distance to the recipient, the background noise and interference level, priority, and many other conflicting factors. To provide an objective recommendation of the transmitter power level, an artificial intelligence model may be trained, using actual network and message parameters, to accurately predict the subsequent network performance versus power level. Then, a practical algorithm may be derived from the trained AI model, and used by base stations and user devices to select an appropriate transmission power level according to current network conditions and message properties. Use of an appropriate transmission power level for each message may reduce message faults, enhance reliability, mitigate external noise and interference, and save energy especially for battery-operated user devices.

An example electronic device includes a wireless communication component and a controller. The controller is to set an output power of the wireless communication component based on: whether a first external object is in proximity to a first side of the electronic device; whether the electronic device is stationary; and whether a second external object is in proximity to a second side of the electronic device, where the second side is opposite to the first side.

In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) determines a resource configuration and a transmit power for a physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble sequence and/or a configuration and a transmit power for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource unit (PRU) based on positioning information of the UE relative to the base station, the speed of the UE relative to the base station, and/or a radio resource control (RRC) state of the UE, transmits, to the base station, a message comprising the PRACH preamble sequence on a PRACH occasion and a payload on a PRU occasion based on the determined resource configuration and transmit power for the PRACH preamble sequence and/or the determined resource configuration and transmit power for the PRU, and receives, from the base station, a second message comprising information on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a payload on a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

Disclosed are systems and methods in 5G and 6G, for compensating frequency shifts caused by the relative motion of a transmitter and receiver. For communication between a mobile user device and a base station, protocols can provide that the messages received by the base station comply with a predetermined channel frequency. Further protocols can provide that a mobile user device may transmit and receive messages at the same frequency. For sidelink communication, protocols can provide that peer devices can either transmit or receive at a predetermined channel frequency, greatly assisting reception of the messages.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for adjusting the transmission power of an unmanned aerial vehicle are disclosed. In one aspect, a method includes the actions of determining, by an unmanned aerial vehicle that includes a radio transceiver, an altitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle and a distance between the unmanned aerial vehicle and a base station. The actions further include, based on the altitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the distance between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the base station, determining, by an unmanned aerial vehicle, a transmission power level for the radio transceiver. The actions further include communicating, by the unmanned aerial vehicle, with the base station using the radio transceiver operating at the transmission power level.

Aspects of the present disclosure provide various apparatuses and methods for extending a reference signal to facilitate carrier aggregation (CA). In some examples, a network includes a primary cell and one or more secondary cells that use a millimeter wave (mmW) carrier. When a UE is beyond the range of a reference signal from the secondary cell, the primary cell may trigger the secondary cell to increase the range of its reference signal using a higher gain beam and/or reference signal repetition.