A heater is installed indoors and heated to a target temperature. The heater is controlled by a controller. The controller has a regular control module which heats the heater to reach the target temperature. In addition, the controller has a suppressive control module which heats the heater to a suppressed temperature lower than the target temperature by electric power suppressed so that surface moisture adhering on the surface of the heater is decreased. When an activation of the heater is ordered, the heater is heated by the suppressive control module, after that, the heater is heated by the regular control module. The surface moisture is decreased by the suppressed temperature. Therefore, generating rapid boiling and/or rapid evaporation of the surface moisture by the target temperature may be suppressed.

An armrest according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a case including a passage which guides a flow of air while the air is introduced and discharged and a through-hole which is formed via the passage to allow the air to be discharged outward, a fan located inside the case and by which the air is introduced and discharged through the passage, a heating element configured to supply heat to the air discharged by the fan and an outer surface of the case, and a supporter configured to support an external force applied to the case in at least two directions to keep a shape of the case.

A fluid system of an internal combustion engine is provided with a heating device in a heating chamber. An electric heating element of the heating device is arranged between two holding bodies such that the heating element electrically and thermally contacts a contact section of at least one of the holding bodies. The heating chamber has an inner volume region between the holding bodies and at least one outer volume region arranged on an outer side of the holding bodies. The inner and outer volume regions allow fluid to flow through. The inner volume region has an enlarged section with a first spacing measured between the holding bodies. The holding bodies have a second spacing measured in a region of the contact section. The first spacing is greater than the second spacing at least at a circumferential side of the contact section facing the enlarged section.

A heating device (10) for a motor vehicle operating fluid tank, in particular for storing aqueous urea solution, wherein the heating device (10) has two electrical conductors (12, 14), an element (16) made from PTC plastic, which is electrically arranged between the two electrical conductors (12, 14) and is in electrical contact with the two electrical conductors (12, 14), and a shell (18, 20), which protects the electrical conductors and the PTC plastic element (16) from the outside environment (22) at least in some sections, which is characterized in that at least one electrical conductor (12, 14) is made at least in some sections from a metal foil (12, 14), in particular aluminum foil, and that the shell (18, 20) is an insulating surface, in particular a plastic film (18, 20) that is preferably bonded to the metal foil.

Heating device (10), in particular for heating an operating fluid tank of a motor vehicle, preferably a tank for storage of aqueous urea solution, the heating device (10) comprising an electrical resistance heating trace (14) with a heating side (14b), on which, in intended operation, heat is emitted to a fluid to be heated, and the heating side (14b) opposing a carrier side (14a), on which the resistance heating trace (14) faces a mounting supporting it, wherein the resistance heating trace (14) is disposed between a flexible film (16) on its heating side (14b) and a substrate (12), rigid in comparison with the flexible film (16), as the supporting mounting on the carrier side (14a), which is characterized in that the resistance heating trace (14a) is connected to the rigid substrate (12) on the carrier side (14a) without intermediate arrangement of a further film.

A fault detection device for a driving circuit that includes a first switch provided between an electric load and a power supply section, a second switch provided between the electric load and earth, and a detector that detects a voltage between the first switch and the electric load, the fault detection device including: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and being configured to: control the first switch into an on state connecting the electric load with the power supply section or an off state disconnecting the electric load from the power supply section; control the second switch into an on state connecting the electric load with earth or an off state disconnecting the electric load from earth; and determine a fault of the driving circuit based on the on or off state of the first and second switches and a voltage detected by the detector.

An intelligent-identification quick-charge heating control device for electric heating products includes a button wake-up circuit, a power supply circuit, an output control circuit, a main control circuit that supports a quick charge (QC) protocol and a Type-C interface used for a paired connection with a quick charge source, so that the quick charge source can charge a heating load quickly after obtaining a successful handshake communication, so as to achieve the effects of reducing the heating time and improving the heating efficiency.

The invention relates to an electric fluid heating device (1) comprising: at least one fluid inlet (7), at least one fluid outlet (11), at least one heating element (13), at least one first temperature sensor (21) for measuring the temperature of said at least one heating element (13), and a control module (15) of the at least one heating element (13). According to the invention, the device (1) comprises at least a second temperature sensor (23) for measuring the temperature of the fluid at the at least one outlet (11), and the control module (15) comprises at least one processing means (17, 19, 35) for: using the temperature information (T.sub.21, T.sub.23) from the temperature sensors (21, 24), and for generating a command for the at least one heating element (13) according to the temperature information (T.sub.21, T.sub.23). The invention also relates to an associated heating circuit and method for managing the temperature.

A window glass system includes a window glass to be attached to a moveable body, an anti-fog film to be provided on a cabin-side surface of the window glass, a temperature sensor configured to detect a glass temperature of the vehicle cabin-side surface of the window glass, a temperature-and-humidity sensor configured to detect a temperature and a humidity of a cabin of the moveable body, drying means configured to vaporize water attached to the anti-fog film, and a processing circuitry configured to estimate a time duration Ts, based on the glass temperature detected by the temperature sensor and the temperature and the humidity of the cabin detected by the temperature-and-humidity sensor, the time duration Ts being a duration of time until fogging occurs on the anti-fog film, and activate the drying means based on the time duration Ts.

A control device is disclosed for an electric heating device with a PTC element as an auxiliary heater in a motor vehicle. The control device has a control housing in which a printed circuit board, equipped with at least one power switch is provided. The power switch is applied against a cooling surface in a heat-conducting manner under pretension via an elastic pretensioning element. The pretensioning element is formed from an elongated piece of a soft-elastic plastic part extruded with at least one through-opening. Also disclosed is an electric heating device having such a control device.