An aerosol generating device includes: a cartridge including a liquid storage and an atomizer; and a main body including a battery, a puff sensor, and a controller configured to perform pulse width modulation (PWM) control for supplying power from the battery to the atomizer, wherein the controller performs the PWM control at a first duty ratio during a puff period and performs the PWM control at a second duty ratio lower than the first duty ratio during a non-puff period between puff periods.

The present invention relates to an aerosol generator that vaporizes a liquid type inhalation material, and more particularly, to a circuit capable of sensing and controlling a heater voltage, without being affected by power of a battery, in an aerosol generator using a liquid cartridge. According to the present invention, there is provided a circuit for sensing and controlling a heater voltage in an aerosol generator, the circuit including: a battery that supplies power; a microcontroller; a first FET connected to the battery and turned on/off according to a sensing control signal output from the microcontroller; a sensing resistor connected to the first FET; a second FET connected to the battery and turned on/off according to a heater control signal output from the microcontroller; and a heater resistor connected to the second FET and also connected to one end of the sensing resistor, wherein the upstream end of the sensing resistor is connected to the microcontroller, and the downstream end of the sensing resistor has one side connected to the microcontroller and the other side connected to the second FET.

A control system for use with a pipeline that transports a process fluid. The control system includes a distributed temperature sensing system that records temperature data at a plurality of segments along a pipeline, a heating system that heats the process fluid, and a management system. The management system includes a controller that receives the temperature data from the distributed temperature sensing system and determines a first alarm condition for each segment of the plurality of segments along the pipeline. When the first alarm condition is present in adjacent segments, the controller merges the first alarm condition to create an extended segment first alarm condition encompassing the adjacent segments and displays, via a graphical user interface, a representation of the extended segment first alarm condition.

There is provided a method of compensating for changes to a solid aerosol-forming substrate during heating of the substrate by a heating element over a period containing a first plurality of user puffs and a second plurality of user puffs, the changes including warming of the substrate and depletion of the substrate, the method including: compensating for the warming of the substrate by reducing heating of the heating element during the first plurality of user puffs; and after compensating for the warming of the substrate, compensating for the depletion of the substrate by increasing heating of the heating element during the second plurality of user puffs. There is also provided a system for compensating for changes to a solid aerosol-forming substrate during heating of the substrate by a heating element over a period containing a first plurality of user puffs and a second plurality of user puffs.

The invention relates to a heating device (3) for a storage container with a urea reducing agent, comprising at least one electrically operatable heating element (6) and a heat distribution element (7) which is thermally coupled to the heating element (6), wherein the heating element (6) has a first heating sub-element (40) which has at least one positive temperature coefficient thermistor (5), and the first heating sub-element (40) is connected to a second heating sub-element (42, 52, 62) which is designed to reduce the dependence of the heat output of the heating device (3) on an electric voltage applied to the heating element (6) in the event of an electric voltage with large values, in particular above 13 volt, so that the heat output dispensed to the thermal conducting element and the surrounding components with plastic encapsulation is not too high.

A flow heater for vehicles is described. The flow heater has a housing, which has an inlet and an outlet. A flow channel for fluid to be heated is disposed in the housing and leads from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet. A heating plate forms a wall of a heated section of the flow channel and carries an electric heating resistor. A calorimetric flow sensor is provided for measuring a fluid flow in the flow channel.

An aerosol delivery device is provided. The aerosol delivery device comprises a control component and a digital pressure sensor. The digital pressure sensor is configured to measure a pressure imposed thereon, and generate a corresponding signal that indicates the pressure so measured. The control component or the digital pressure sensor is further configured to control at least one functional element of the aerosol delivery device based on the pressure indicated by the corresponding signal, or a condition of the aerosol delivery device or a user thereof determined from the corresponding signal. Control of the at least one functional element includes output of the pressure or the condition for presentation by a display.

The invention relates to a method for managing heat in the event of detecting overheating of an electrical heating device, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a plurality of resistive elements configured to be supplied with electric power using a control signal by pulse width modulation according to a setpoint. According to the invention, the method comprises the following steps: activating a first phase (P1) of gradual adjustment of the setpoint in a first direction of progression, and repeating the first phase (P1) of adjustment until the recorded duty cycle of the control signal by pulse width modulation (PWM_(sub)system) exceeds a determined detection threshold value (PWM_(sub)system_lim_i), and if not, —activating a second phase (P2) of adjustment of the setpoint in a second direction of progression opposite the direction of progression in the first adjustment phase (P1). The invention also relates to a control unit for implementing such a method.

A vaporization device includes a cartridge having a reservoir that holds a vaporizable material, a heating element, and a wicking element that can draw the vaporizable material to the heating element to be vaporized. The vaporizer cartridge is configured for coupling to a vaporizer device body and containing a vaporizable material. Various embodiments of the vaporizer cartridge are described that include one or more features controlling the delivery of power to a heating element. For example, in order to achieve a target temperature for vaporizing the vaporizable material, the heating element may be powered using a variable boost circuit having a variable output voltage. Alternatively, the heating element may be powered using a current source generating a modulated electrical signal having an adjustable duty cycle. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also described.

Drinkware with active temperature control can be a mug made of metal, and optionally coated with a ceramic material. At least one heating element that can thermally communicate with a surface of the drinkware to thereby effect heat transfer through the base in the drinkware. At least one sensor is configured to sense a parameter of the liquid in the drinkware, and at least one power storage element is configured to provide power to the at least one heating element. Control circuitry is configured to control operation of the one or more heating elements, and a transceiver is configured to transmit operating information to a remote electronic device and to receive operating instructions from the remote electronic device.