A thermal immersion circulator can comprise a heater including a hollow cylindrical main body having an inlet opening at a first end thereof and an outlet opening in a side wall thereof. The heater can include a flexible circuit board having a plurality of resistive bands controlled by controlling electronics such as TRIACs, which can be water-cooled. A thermal immersion circulator including such a heater can be used in scientific laboratories or sous vide food cooking.

A handheld aerosol-generating device may include an emitter configured to emit light, a sensor configured to receive light, and an aerosol chamber configured to hold an aerosol. The emitter may emit light into the aerosol chamber. The sensor may receive light from the aerosol chamber and measure at least one wavelength of the spectrum of the received light. Direct measurement of parameters, and/or the presence, of the aerosol in the aerosol chamber may be enabled, where the direct measurement of parameters of the aerosol in the aerosol chamber may enable optimal operation of an aerosol-generating system that may be the handheld aerosol-generating device.

An assembly comprising a sample block, a heat sink and at least one electrodeposited thermoelectric element is disclosed. Further, an instrument and a method for performing a temperature-dependent reaction are disclosed.

A thermal immersion circulator can comprise a heater including a hollow cylindrical main body having an inlet opening at a first end thereof and an outlet opening in a side wall thereof. The heater can include a flexible circuit board having a plurality of resistive bands controlled by controlling electronics such as TRIACs, which can be water-cooled. A thermal immersion circulator including such a heater can be used in scientific laboratories or sous vide food cooking.

A vacuum pump comprises: a pump device including a pump motor, an exhaust function section configured to exhaust sucked gas, and at least two direct current heaters; and a pump-integrated power source device including a pump control section, a pump power source configured to supply power to the pump control section, a direct current heater control section configured to control the two direct current heaters, and a direct current heater power source configured to supply power to the direct current heater control section.

The object of the invention is a device for conducting amplification reaction of biological samples with a system for independent control of the temperature of test tubes in a heating assembly comprising a multipart heating slot located in the cooling system housing, characterised in that the heating assembly comprises at least one heating slot (100) comprising a metal heating sleeve (101) wound around with a bifilar winding wire made of enamelled winding wire (102), which is covered with a composite polymer layer (103), wherein a temperature sensor (104) is located on the surface of the winding wire, and at least one heating slot is mounted on the PCB control board (105) located on the cooling system housing (112).

When a solid product of a target component is obtained by heating a container in which a solution containing a target component is housed with a heater and evaporating the solvent in the solution, the amount of heating by the heater is controlled based on the detection results of the temperature of the container detected by a temperature detection part so that the temperature of the container approaches a target temperature. At least one of a starting timing T2 and an ending timing T4 is then discriminated based on the amount of heating by the heater. Since the amount of heating by the heater varies while being sensitively affected by the vaporization heat generated when the solvent evaporates, the starting timing T2 or the ending timing T4 can be accurately discriminated by using the amount of heating by the heater as a discrimination criterion.

A system for graphitization of carbon powder, the system including a cask comprising a cask body made of a carbonaceous material and a binder, the cask body having a cavity. The system further includes a filament made of a carbonaceous material and a binder, wherein the filament is configured to be positioned in the cavity and aligned with the cask body.

A substrate processing apparatus includes a holder and a heating device. The holder is configured to hold a central portion of a bottom surface of a substrate to be rotated. The heating device is configured to supply a heated fluid to the bottom surface of the substrate. The heating device includes multiple fins, a heat source, a fluid introduction unit and a fluid discharge unit. The multiple fins are arranged along a circumferential direction of the substrate to be located under the substrate at an outer side than the holder. The heat source is configured to heat the multiple fins. The fluid introduction unit is configured to introduce the fluid to the multiple fins. The fluid discharge unit is configured to discharge the fluid, which is heated while passing through the multiple fins, to the bottom surface of the substrate.

A mixed-metallic phosphate compound is disclosed, which contains as the main metal copper in the divalent oxidation state in a proportion of at least 90.0 at-% and one or more doping metals in a total proportion of the doping metals of at least 0.01 to at most 10.0 at-%, wherein the doping metals are selected from the group consisting of the elements of the first and second main groups and the eighth subgroup of the elements of the periodic table, Al, Sn, Si, Bi, Cr, Mo, Mn, and the lanthanides. The stated metal proportions relate to the total amount of the metals in the mixed-metallic phosphate compound. The mixed-metallic compound has a phosphate content expressed as P.sub.2O.sub.5 in the range of 10 to 60 wt-%. Also disclosed is a method for producing the mixed-metallic phosphate compound and the use thereof.