A heating element 76 of a heater section includes an inner region 91, having a lower resistance per unit length than an outer region 92 at one or more temperatures in the range of 700 C. to 900 C.

An induction heating system and method includes a work piece that may be a multi-layer pipe. The multi-layer pipe includes an inner layer for conveying effluent and an outer layer surrounding at least a portion of the inner layer. The outer layer has a higher Curie temperature than the inner layer such that the outer layer remains magnetic at or above a reaction temperature of the effluent to maximize hysteresis losses in the pipe up to and beyond the reaction temperature of the effluent. The inner layer may have desirable mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties such that the combination of the outer layer and the inner layer results in a multi-layer pipe that is efficient for induction heating up to and beyond the reaction temperature, while also being mechanically and thermally suitable for hydrocarbon processing applications.

An apparatus and method for initiating thermochemical events in an adiabatic reaction calorimeter are provided. The apparatus and method may be used in safety research of lithium battery and reactive chemical thermal runaways. The apparatus comprises a motor-driven conductive heating element in thermal contact with the outer surface of the reaction in the sample container for heat transfer during heating ramp. The heating element is heated and coupled to the sample container to initiate thermal runaway and decoupled once thermal runaway is initiated, which is much faster than many existing slow heating methods used to initiate thermal runaway. Alternatively, when the heating element is kept attached until the completion of the thermal event, a power-compensation DSC curve is resulted.

A method for controlling gas hydrate formation comprising the steps of sensing a temperature of a pipeline upstream of a choke valve from a temperature sensor positioned in an array of temperature sensors positioned in a row along a floor of the pipeline, wherein each temperature sensor corresponds to a known position along a length of the pipeline; generating a temperature profile for the pipeline from each temperature sensor as a function of the known position of the temperature sensor; detecting when the temperature is below a temperature setpoint; identifying the known position in the pipeline corresponding to the temperature sensor sensing the temperature below the temperature setpoint; and increasing the temperature of the pipeline at the known position through a heating system selected from the group consisting of a heat material patch, an electrically powered patch, a pipeline casing heating unit, and a threaded electrical heating element.

The present disclosure discloses an exhaust gas purification device for purifying exhaust gas in a reflow oven hearth, the exhaust gas purification device comprising: a filtering unit; a filtering component provided in the filtering unit; a controllable gas passage that controllably communicates an interior of the filtering unit with an external environment containing oxygen, the controllable gas passage being configured to controllably introduce gas containing oxygen into the filtering unit; a heating component provided in the filtering unit, wherein the heating component is configured to be capable of heating the gas in the filtering unit to an oxidation temperature at which carbon in adherent substances on the filtering component is capable of chemically reacting to produce a gas. The exhaust gas purification device of the present disclosure has a long maintenance period, which can greatly reduce the maintenance cost.

Methods of manufacture and use of an induction tool are presented. A thermoplastic induction tool comprises an inductive heating element formed of a low thermal expansion iron nickel alloy magnetically poisoned by a non-ferromagnetic agent to have a leveling temperature selected based on a consolidation temperature of a composite material.

In general terms the present disclosure proposes a lamp arrangement for curing a material, the lamp arrangement including at least one lamp unit, wherein each of the at least one lamp unit has at least one light source configured to emit a radiation of a pre-defined intensity, and at least one reflector; and a controller configured to control at least one parameter to provide the desired curing of the material.

A light source device includes first to fourth laser light sources that emit first to fourth laser light, a condenser lens, first to fourth reflecting surfaces that reflect the first to fourth laser lights toward the condenser lens, and first to fourth afocal systems disposed such that the first to fourth laser lights exit the first to fourth afocal systems toward the first to fourth reflecting surfaces. When a plan view taken in a direction along the optical axis is divided into first to fourth quadrants with a position of the optical axis serving as an origin, the first to fourth reflecting surfaces are located in the first to fourth quadrants, respectively.

Some implementations described herein incorporate a heating system to heat a cover of a bucket. A liquified target material, collected by vanes and/or a transport ring within a vessel of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation source, flows through a drain port of the transport ring and through a conduit that provides the liquified target material to the bucket through an opening of the cover. By heating the cover, the heating system prevents the liquified target material from solidifying at or near the opening before the liquified target material can flow into the bucket. By preventing the solidifying of the liquid target material, a likelihood of a blockage within the conduit and/or the drain port is reduced.

In order to improve a device for heating a substance or substance mixture, wherein the device has a heater with at least one heating element and at least one control device for controlling the at least one heating element, in such a way that the temperature can be set as precisely as possible even in high temperature ranges, it is proposed that the at least one control device has or consists of a frequency converter.