A battery-powered scope warmer includes a heated cavity to receive the distal end of a surgical viewing instrument such as an endoscope or laparoscope. The distal end of the surgical viewing instrument is inserted into the cavity in the housing through one or more flexible flaps in the upper portion of the housing. A heating pad forms a curved tray that receives the distal end of the instrument. The flaps enable the distal end of the surgical viewing instrument to be inserted into, or removed from, the cavity in the housing through one or more slits. A de-fogging sponge in the cavity may be moistened with a de-fogging fluid, and one or more absorbent pads may be disposed on the upper portion of the housing for removing excess fluid from the tip of the surgical viewing instrument. The entire warmer, including the batteries, may be disposable.

Some embodiments provide for an inspiratory limb for a breathing circuit that includes a first segment that comprises a first heater wire circuit and a second segment that comprises a second heater wire circuit. The inspiratory limb can include an intermediate connector that includes a connection circuit that electrically couples the first heater wire circuit to the second heater wire circuit. The inspiratory limb can be configured to operate in two modes wherein, in a first mode, electrical power passes through the first electrical connection to provide power to the first heater wire circuit without providing power to the second heater wire circuit, and in a second mode, electrical power pass through the first electrical connection to provide power to both the first heater wire circuit and the second heater wire circuit.

An apparatus includes a substrate, a first heating element, and a second heating element. The substrate includes a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion that is between the first portion and the second portion. The first portion is characterized by a first thermal conductivity, the second portion is characterized by a second thermal conductivity, and the third portion is characterized by a third thermal conductivity. The third thermal conductivity is less than the first thermal conductivity and the second thermal conductivity. The first heating element is coupled to the first portion of the substrate, and is configured to produce a first thermal output. The second heating element is coupled to the second portion of the substrate, and configured to produce a second thermal output. The second thermal output is different from the first thermal output.

A warming unit (21) coupled or configured to be coupled to a heated portion (19) of a fluid circuit (6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15; 107) of a medical device (1, 100). The warming unit (21) comprises a leakage current reduction circuit (35) configured to perform the following procedure: connecting a heat transfer element (22) of the warming unit (21) to a ground connection (33) through a resistance element (34), which keeps a normal condition patient leakage current below a first limit value, and disconnecting the heat transfer element (22) from the ground connection (33) if a current indicating that the patient is connected to the mains voltage is sensed through the resistance element (34), in order to keep a fault condition patient leakage current below a second limit value.

The invention relates to a temperature regulation system for regulating the temperature of a portion of a body, in particular of a user's body.

The system comprises at least one temperature sensor 1004a, 1004b, 1004c adapted to generate a temperature measurement that relates to a temperature of a given portion of a body, at least one temperature adjustment element 1006a, 1006b, 1006c adapted to provide heat and/or cold to a given portion of the body, arranged on or in the flexible support, a memory unit 1016, 1024 adapted to store at least one threshold temperature related value, a controlling unit 1022, 1024, 1032, 1034 in communication with the temperature sensor, with the memory unit 1016, 1024 and with the temperature adjustment element.

The controlling unit is configured to receive the instant temperature of a given portion of the body from the temperature sensor, perform a comparison between at least one instant temperature related value and a triggering temperature related value, activate the temperature adjustment element to provide heat or cold to a given portion of the body depending on the result of said comparison.

The memory unit is further adapted to store at least one user profile information related to a user profile parameter, and the controlling unit is further configured to determine the triggering temperature related value based on said threshold temperature related value, said user profile information and at least one user activity information related to a user instant activity parameter.

Devices and methods are described for preparing, managing, and/or administering metered doses of substances for vaporized administration. In some embodiments, dose cartridges comprising at least one botanical substance include a heating element integrated into the cartridge in close contact with the botanical substance. In some embodiments, cartridge-mounted doses are stored in a magazine, optionally in carousel form, before use. Transport of a cartridge from a magazine to an electrically operated vaporizing chamber which activates the heating element is provided by a mechanical pickup means.

The present invention related to devices and methods that use returned power (RP) measurements during microwave energy delivery to perform one or more functions. For example, microwave devices and systems with one or more features to measure the returned microwave power. One or more measurements of the returned microwave power may be used to obtain information about one or more of: antenna shape, system status and system performance. One or more measurements of the returned microwave power shaping elements may also be used to obtain information about one or more properties of the target material. The invention also discloses devices and methods for delivering microwave energy to a variety of target materials to achieve a variety of desired microwave effects.

A medical treatment system, such as peritoneal dialysis system, may include control and other features to enhance patient comfort and ease of use. For example, a peritoneal dialysis system may include a control system that can adjust the volume of fluid infused into the peritoneal cavity to prevent the intraperitoneal fluid volume from exceeding a pre-determined amount. The control system can adjust by adding one or more therapy cycles, allowing for fill volumes during each cycle to be reduced. The control system may continue to allow the fluid to drain from the peritoneal cavity as completely as possible before starting the next therapy cycle. The control system may also adjust the dwell time of fluid within the peritoneal cavity during therapy cycles in order to complete a therapy within a scheduled time period. The cycler may also be configured to have a heater control system that monitors both the temperature of a heating tray and the temperature of a bag of dialysis fluid in order to bring the temperature of the dialysis fluid rapidly to a specified temperature, with minimal temperature overshoot.

The present invention generally relates to thawing a cryogenically frozen sample. A method of thawing a sample includes receiving a temperature data feed from one or more temperature sensors reporting an exterior surface temperature of a vessel, calculating a thaw end time based on the temperature data feed, and outputting a signal to interrupt thawing of the sample at the calculated thaw end time, the sample at the thaw end time having solid phase remaining. A method of thawing a cryogenic sample includes heating a sample container with a heater, determining a thaw start time for the cryogenic sample; determining an estimated thaw end time of the cryogenic sample based on the determined thaw start time of the cryogenic sample, the cryogenic sample at the estimated thaw end time having solid phase remaining; and stopping the heating of the sample container after the estimated thaw end time.

An apparatus includes a substrate, a first heating element, and a second heating element. The substrate includes a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion that is between the first portion and the second portion. The first portion is characterized by a first thermal conductivity, the second portion is characterized by a second thermal conductivity, and the third portion is characterized by a third thermal conductivity. The third thermal conductivity is less than the first thermal conductivity and the second thermal conductivity. The first heating element is coupled to the first portion of the substrate, and is configured to produce a first thermal output. The second heating element is coupled to the second portion of the substrate, and configured to produce a second thermal output. The second thermal output is different from the first thermal output.