A system and method is disclosed. The method comprises a client device receiving a verification request comprising an interaction identifier. The client device can then query a full node for a random sampling of block headers from the full node. The client device can receive the random sampling of block headers from the full node, and verify the random sampling of block headers. The client device can then determine that the blockchain maintained by the full node is valid after verifying the random sampling of block headers.

A control system for controlling an operation of a resistive heater includes a dielectric parameter determination module, a prediction module, and a heater operation control module. The dielectric parameter determination module determines a material property of a dielectric material of the resistive heater when the resistive heater is in an active mode. The prediction module predicts a life expectancy of the resistive heater based on the material property of the dielectric material. The heater operation control module changes operation of the resistive heater based on the material property and the life expectancy.

An apparatus comprising a heater configured to heat smokeable material to volatilize at least one component of the smokeable material, wherein the heater is elongate and comprises a plurality of independently controllable heating regions arranged sequentially along a longitudinal axis of the heater.

A method of controlling an electric heater in an electrically heated smoking system is provided, including providing electrical power to the heater in pulses such that during active periods power is supplied to the heater and during inactive periods power is not supplied to the heater; charging a capacitor in an RC circuit during the inactive periods and allowing the capacitor to discharge during the active periods; and monitoring a discharge voltage of the capacitor and if the discharge voltage of the capacitor drops below a threshold voltage level, then stopping further supply of electrical power to the heater.

A control system for controlling an operation of a resistive heater includes a dielectric parameter determination module, a prediction module, and a heater operation control module. The dielectric parameter determination module determines a material property of a dielectric material of the resistive heater when the resistive heater is in an active mode. The prediction module predicts a life expectancy of the resistive heater based on the material property of the dielectric material. The heater operation control module changes operation of the resistive heater based on the material property and the life expectancy.

There is provided a method and system for controlling heating in an aerosol-generating system including a heater, the method including comparing a measured parameter, indicative of the temperature of the heater, with a target value for the measured parameter; preventing a supply of power to the heater for a first time period if the measured parameter exceeds the target value by greater than or equal to a first amount; and preventing the supply of power to the heater for a second time period, shorter than the first time period, if the measured parameter exceeds the target value by less than the first amount.

There is provided a method and system for controlling heating in an aerosol-generating system including a heater, the method including comparing a measured voltage across the heater, indicative of the temperature of the heater, with a target value; if the measured voltage across the heater exceeds the target value by greater than or equal to a first amount, then preventing a supply of power to the heater for a first time period; and if the measured voltage across the heater exceeds the target value, but by less than the first amount, then preventing the supply of power to the heater for a second time period, shorter than the first time period.

A resistive heater capable of delivering heat loads on the same order as those produced by in-pile nuclear fuel experiments. The heater rod provides the energy for high-temperature steady-state testing, as well as the power needed to simulate the transient pulse in the Transient Reactor Test Loop (TRTL) system. The resistive heater includes a removable housing, two or more thermal conductors in the housing; and one or more stabilizers coupled to the two or more thermal conductors to keep the two or more thermal conductors separated to avoid shorting, wherein the two or more thermal conductors are coupled to the housing via an inert gas (e.g., Helium). The two or more thermal conductors comprise a material with substantially zero infrared spectrum (e.g., sapphire, silica, or glass).

A low smoke, zero halogen self-regulating heating cable includes a semi-conductive heating core and two conductive wires embedded within and separated by the semi-conductive heating core. The cable also includes a primary jacket surrounding the semi-conductive core, a braid surrounding the primary jacket, and a final jacket surrounding the braid. At least one of the primary jacket and the final jacket includes a low smoke, zero halogen material.

An electronic cigarette includes a shell and a mouthpiece. The external wall of the shell has an air inlet. An atomizer and a liquid-supply are in contact with each other. The air inlet, atomizer, and an aerosol passage are interconnected.