A heater for a radio frequency (RF) antenna and method for using the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, an antenna comprises a physical antenna aperture having an array of RF antenna elements; and a plurality of heating elements, each heating element being between pairs of RF elements of the array of RF elements.

A micro multi-array heater and a micro multi-array sensor provided with the micro multi-array heater are provided. The micro multi-array heater includes a substrate and a heater electrode formed on the substrate. The heater electrode includes a first heater electrode having a first heat generation pattern and a second heater electrode having a second heat generation pattern. The first heat generation pattern and the second heat generation pattern are formed to have different heat generation amounts.

The invention relates to an electrically conductive film (10) having an electrically nonconductive substrate layer (12), and an electrically conductive metal layer (14) that has a structure produced by material removal and that on a first side is joined, at least in sections, to the substrate layer (12).

A heating pad with a thermostatic control circuit coupled to a resistance heating element. The resistance heating element and an acrylic based polymer adhesive are glued between polyester film layers. The film layers and heating element are contained with a plastic sleeve. The thickness and properties of the polyester film and adhesive forms a fuse. The adhesive delaminates the polyester film at excessive temperatures causing the resistance heating element to sever thereby creating an open circuit that halts operation of the heating pad. The thermostatic control circuit includes a hysteresis circuit that compares analog signals across two thin film resistors to provide a control signal to a power controller to selectively vary the power output to the heating element. The thermostatic control circuit is an integrated circuit board disposed within the fused plastic sleeve.

A flexible display apparatus includes a flexible substrate; a display layer on the flexible substrate and including a plurality of pixels; a cover layer which covers the display layer; a heating electrode layer on a surface of the flexible substrate opposite to the display layer, between the flexible substrate and the display layer, between the display layer and the cover layer, or on a surface of the cover layer opposite to the display layer; and a temperature sensing unit configured to sense an external temperature to the flexible display apparatus.

Radiant furniture made of a concrete mix includes one or more heating elements or hot water supplied hydronic tubing that provide comfortable radiant heat. Tabletops can be heated to a temperature that is comfortable for people seated at the table. Other tabletops can be heated to a lower temperature for use in a greenhouse. Benches and seats can be heated to provide comfortable heated seating. Combinations can also be used together, such as a heated tabletop with heated seats. A controller senses the temperature of the furniture and the ambient temperature, then applies power to one or more heating elements in the furniture according to programmed temperature thresholds to provide comfortable radiant heat from the furniture.

A heating device for heating water has a carrier to which at least one heating element is applied, the heating element having one or more heating conductors which are connected one behind the other. The heating device has a flat dielectric layer which substantially covers the heating conductors or the heating element. An electrically conductive connection area is in each case provided on both sides of the dielectric layer with the same coverage. At least one of the connection areas is connected to a controller for evaluating a leakage current as current flows through the dielectric layer, and the heating element is connected to measuring means for monitoring a heating conductor current through the heating element. Both the leakage current and the heating conductor current are monitored over time and faults can be identified if there are conspicuous changes.

The present disclosure provides a self-regulating electric heating film, including: an insulating isolation layer, an interdigital electrode arranged on the surface of the insulating isolation layer, a positive temperature coefficient coating covering the surface of a secondary electrode of the interdigital electrode, and an insulating protective layer covering the surface of a primary electrode of the interdigital electrode, wherein the positive temperature coefficient coating is not in contact with the primary electrode of the interdigital electrode, and the insulating protective layer overlaps the positive temperature coefficient coating.