An oven includes a plurality of walls, a fan, and a heating element. The plurality of walls defines an internal cavity in which food may be placed for cooking. A first of the plurality of walls defines a plurality of orifices that establishes fluid communication between the internal cavity and a fluid path. The fan is configured to direct air from the fluid path, through the plurality of orifices, and into the internal cavity. The heating element is disposed on the first of the plurality of walls and adjacent to the plurality of orifices. The heating element is configured to heat the air being directed from the fluid path, through the plurality of orifices, and into the internal cavity.

An object of the present invention is to suppress adhesion of scale to a surface of a ceramic heater that is used for fluid heating. The ceramic heater has a ceramic body and a coating layer. The ceramic body has a heat generation resistor. The coating layer contains glass as a main component and is formed so as to coat a surface of the ceramic body. The coating layer has a function of smoothing the surface of the ceramic body.

The present device has at least two chambers for receiving vaporizable components, two heating elements, and circuitry to control heater behavior.

A method for manufacturing a ceramic heater-type glow plug (1) that includes: a ceramic heater (11); and a metallic outer cylinder (12) that holds the ceramic heater at one end and has the other end inserted in and fixed to a metallic housing (14), the housing having a first housing section (14a) and a second housing section (14b) coaxially arranged with each other, the method for manufacturing a ceramic heater-type glow plug includes the steps of: inserting the ceramic heater in the outer cylinder; inserting the outer cylinder in the first housing section, the second housing section, and a ring-shaped filler material (18) in a state where the filler material is interposed between the first housing section and the second housing section; and joining the first housing section, the second housing section, and the outer cylinder by welding at a position where the filler material is provided.

A heating applicator system that heats personal care products without concerns of dry-out as a result of repeated exposure to heat comprising a disposable container subassembly and a reusable handle subassembly. The container subassembly comprises a lower printed circuit board that has heating elements disposed thereon. The reusable handle subassembly houses an upper printed circuit board that has electronic control elements. When the handle subassembly is attached to the container subassembly, the two circuit boards form an electric connection and create an electric heating circuit. Subsequently, the handle subassembly is able to detach from the container while the applicator head remains attached to the handle subassembly. After each use, the applicator head is replaced in the container. When the product is used up, the applicator head and the container can be detached from the handle subassembly. The handle subassembly can be reused, while the container and applicator head are discarded.

An electronic cigarette having ceramic heating element with a heating rod has: (a) a hollow atomizing stem, (b) a first conductive ring sleeved at bottom of atomizing stem and airproof with atomizing stem, (c) a second conductive ring placed in and insulated from first conductive ring, (d) a conduit positioned in atomizing stem, with conduit base tightly contacting first conductive ring, (e) a liquid blocker positioned on top of atomizing stem, (f) a cigarette mouthpiece located on top of the atomizing stem and holds liquid blocker, and (g) a heating rod. The inner wall of atomizing stem, outer wall of conduit, top of first conductive ring, and bottom of liquid blocker together form a liquid storage chamber for storing e-liquid. In one embodiment, the heating rod can be a solid ceramic heating rod. In another embodiment, the heating rod can be a hollow ceramic heating rod.

A heater is provided having at least one thermally sprayed resistive heating layer, the resistive heating layer comprising a first metallic component that is electrically conductive and capable of reacting with a gas to form one or more carbide, oxide, nitride, and boride derivative; one or more oxide, nitride, carbide, and boride derivative of the first metallic component that is electrically insulating; and a third component capable of stabilizing the resistivity of the resistive heating layer. In some embodiments, the third component is capable of pinning the grain boundaries of the first metallic component deposited in the resistive heating layer and/or altering the structure of aluminum oxide grains deposited in the resistive heating layer.

A heating device may include a substrate and a heating element disposed on a surface of the substrate. The heating element may include an ohmically resistive coating having a layer thickness of 2 to 300 microns. The ohmically resistive coating may include at least 30% by weight of at least one ductile or malleable metal and a plurality of electrically resistive particles. The ohmically resistive coating may be deposited via the at least one of the cold spray and the solid state deposition performed at a temperature below at least one of a melting temperature and a partially softening temperature of the at least one ductile or malleable metal. The ohmically resistive coating may exhibit less heterogeneity and porosity than a thermally sprayed coating, may have a density of 90% or greater, and may have a porosity of 10% or less.

A heater is provided that includes at least one resistive heating element having a material with a non-monotonic resistivity vs. temperature profile and exhibiting a negative dR/dT characteristic over a predetermined operating temperature range along the profile. The heater can include a plurality of circuits disposed in a fluid path to heat fluid flow.

An exhaust system, especially for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, includes an exhaust gas-carrying duct (14) and a reactant injection device (20) for injecting reactant (R) into exhaust gas (A) flowing in the exhaust gas-carrying duct (14). Downstream of the reactant injection device (20), a mixer device (22) supports the mixing of reactant (R) injected by the reactant injection device (20) with exhaust gas (A) flowing in the exhaust gas-carrying duct (14). Downstream of the reactant injection device (20) and upstream of the mixer device (22), a reactant heating device (24) extends in the exhaust gas-carrying duct (14). The exhaust gas (A) flows in and reactant (R) injected through the reactant injection device (20) flow around the heating device (24).