The present disclosure describes a personal vaporizer which can detect whether or not a cartridge of the personal vaporizer has been breached. The cartridge includes a conductive shell. The conductive shell can include two or more conductors which are electrically isolated from each-other. Prior to operation, the personal vaporizer can use the two or more conductors to assess whether or not an outer shell of the cartridge has been breached. In some implementations, if it is determined that the cartridge has been breached, the personal vaporizer can shut down, or otherwise fail to operate normally.

A heatable leading-edge apparatus for an aircraft having a main structure and a heating layer. The heating layer comprises a fiber composite layer with fibers and with a matrix which surrounds the fibers. The fibers are at least partially formed as conducting fibers, such as carbon fibers, with an electrically insulating coating. Owing to the conducting fibers, which act as electrical heating elements, a desired surface temperature can be established on an outer side of the leading-edge apparatus.

A defrosting system for defrosting an evaporator assembly is disclosed. The system includes the evaporator assembly, an electrically resistive coating having an electrically insulative matrix and a conductive doping agent disposed on at least one surface of the evaporator assembly, and a plurality of electrical terminals arranged and disposed to supply electricity to the electrically resistive coating. A method for defrosting an evaporator assembly and a coating for heating evaporator assemblies are also disclosed.

An electric cooking appliance includes a glass-ceramic substrate having a top surface for supporting cookware for heating thereon, and a bottom surface opposite the top surface. The electric cooking appliance includes a plurality of thermoresistive heating elements disposed and spaced apart on the bottom surface of the glass-ceramic substrate, with each of the plurality of thermoresistive heating elements including graphene nanoparticles embedded in a ceramic matrix for generating heat upon application of electric current to the respective thermoresistive heating element. Each thermoresistive heating element is electrically connected to a power supply such that one or more of the plurality of thermoresistive heating elements are selectively activated to receive electric current to heat localized areas of the glass-ceramic substrate.

A heating apparatus includes a body, a chamber, and a thermal plate. The chamber is defined by the body. The chamber includes an upper region and a lower region. The thermal plate provides heat to the chamber. The thermal plate includes a coating. The coating includes a thermo-resistive layer. The thermo-resistive layer includes a polymeric portion and a nanostructure portion. The thermal plate is positioned in at least one location chosen from the upper region and the lower region of the chamber.

The invention provides liquid compositions comprising conductive carbon particles and/or carbon nanoparticles, a thickening agent, and a solvent. The carbon nanoparticles are preferably a mixture of graphite nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes and the thickening agent is preferably a cellulose derivative. The liquid compositions can be used as ink to print highly conductive films that adhere to paper substrates.

A wiring sheet includes: a pseudo sheet structure including a plurality of conductive linear bodies arranged at intervals; a pair of electrodes; and a first power feeder provided for one of the electrodes and a second power feeder provided for the other of the electrodes. Assuming that the number of the conductive linear bodies is N, a resistance value of a n-th conductive linear body counted from a side at which the first power feeder and the second power feeder are provided is r.sub.n, and a resistance value of the electrodes is R, all of conditions represented by numerical formulae (F1), (F2), and (F3) below are satisfied. (F1): r.sub.1/R≤300 (F2): r.sub.n+1≤r.sub.n (In the formula (F2), n is an integer of 1 or more) (F3): 0<r.sub.1-r.sub.N

In one or more arrangements, a heating system is provided having one or more heating panels positioned in a housing. The housing has a hollow interior with an open lower end. A first panel is positioned in the open lower end of the housing. The first heating panel includes a heating layer. The heating layer includes a conductive microfilm. A first electrical contact is connected to the conductive microfilm. A second electrical contact is connected to the conductive microfilm. In one or more arrangements, the conductive microfilm includes at least one layer of graphene or nanofiber carbon material. Application of a voltage difference between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact causes current to flow through the conductive microfilm, thereby generating heat. In one or more arrangements, current which flows through the conductive microfilm causes the conductive microfilm to emit infrared radiation.

A heating mat system is presented for use with livestock. The heating mat system includes a heating layer positioned between an upper support pad and a lower support pad. The heating layer includes a conductive microfilm that has a generally planar shape extending between a front edge, a rear edge, and opposing side edges. In one or more arrangements, the conductive microfilm includes a layer of graphene. In one or more arrangements, the heating mat system has a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact that are connected to the conductive microfilm. When a voltage difference is applied between the first electrical contact and the second electrical contact, current flows through the conductive microfilm, thereby generating heat to the heating mat system and heating livestock positioned on the system.

Provided is a cordless hair dryer. The cordless hair dryer includes a housing including a body part gripped by a user and a head part having a blower tube therein, a battery disposed inside the body part, a blower fan disposed in one end of the head part, a support which is inserted into the other end of the head part and fixed to an inner side of the blower tube, and a planar heating element which is formed as a carbon nanotube sheet and disposed on the support to receive power from the battery.