A pseudo sheet structure is usable for a sensor configured to emit an electromagnetic wave in a band ranging from 20 GHz to 100 GHz. The pseudo sheet structure includes a plurality of conductive linear bodies arranged at an interval L satisfying a formula (1) below, 0.034×λ.sub.S≤L≤20 mm (1). In the formula (1), L is the interval between the plurality of conductive linear bodies, λ.sub.S is a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the sensor, and a unit for each of L and λ.sub.S is mm.

A multilayer heating structure for controlling ice accumulation on a surface of an aircraft includes a carbon nano-tube (CNT) heater. The heater includes: a CNT layer; a first encapsulation layer disposed on a first side of the CNT layer formed of a first encapsulation layer thermoplastic material; and a second encapsulation layer disposed on a second side of the CNT layer formed of a second encapsulation layer thermoplastic material. The structure further includes for and aft composite structures. The first and second encapsulation layer thermoplastic materials have higher melting temperatures that one or both the fore composite structure thermoplastic material and the aft composite structure thermoplastic material.

A cartridge for an electrically operated aerosol-generating system is provided, the cartridge including: a liquid storage portion including a housing holding a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, the housing having an opening; and a fluid-permeable heater assembly including a plurality of electrically conductive filaments, the fluid-permeable heater assembly being fixed to the housing and extending across the opening of the housing. An aerosol-generating system, and a method of manufacture of a cartridge for an electrically operated aerosol-generating system, are also provided.

An ion implantation device (20) is provided comprising an energy filter (25) with a structured membrane, wherein the energy filter (25) is heated by absorbed energy from the ion beam, and at least one additional heating element (50a-d, 55a-d, 60, 70) for heating the energy filter (25).

The present disclosure relates to: a transparent sheet heater including: a substrate; a pattern layer formed on the substrate; a heat-generating layer formed on the pattern layer and including a conductive material; and an electrode connected on the heat-generating layer; a transparent sheet heater including: a substrate; a heat-generating layer formed on the substrate and including a conductive material; an electrode connected on the heat-generating layer; and a protective layer formed on the heat-generating layer, wherein the protective layer includes pores; and a transparent sheet heater system which is formed by connecting the multiple transparent sheet heaters in series or in parallel.

A heated composite structure and a method for forming a heated composite structure. The structure includes carbon fibers embedded within a thermoplastic matrix. The carbon fibers are connected with first and second electrodes that are configured to be connected with an electric source such that applying current to the electrodes causes current to flow through the embedded carbon fibers to provide resistive heating sufficient to heat the composite structure to impede formation of ice on the composite structure.

The present invention is directed to high temperature energy storage arrangements that utilize electrical heating elements for charging a carbon-based heat retaining core. A high temperature electrically isolating support element is used to support a resistive heating element. The components are designed for extended life in a high temperature thermal core with frequent thermal cycling. The heat retaining core is of graphite or carbon based material that is electrically conductive. The electrically isolating support element reduces leakage current losses while providing high mechanical strength and effective heat transfer from the resistive heating element to the heat retaining core. The contact surface of the electrically isolating support element and the resistive heating element is limited while still providing effective mechanical support. The support element and heating element engage in a manner to locate and position the support element on the heating element.

The present disclosure relates to a surface heating heater pipe and an aerosol generating device including the same, and more particularly, to a surface heating heater pipe having improved performance by implementing a surface heating structure using graphene and an aerosol generating device including the same. A heater pipe for an aerosol generating device for transferring heat to an aerosol-forming article includes a body formed of metal and having a shape of a pipe having a space for accommodating the aerosol-forming article, a first insulating layer formed on an outer surface of the body, a graphene layer formed on the first insulating layer by deposition, and a second insulating layer formed on the graphene layer.

A PBN-coated carbon heater is disclosed in which the carbon base body is anisotropic with respect to thermal expansion coefficient such that the maximum-to-minimum coefficient ratio is 1.02 through 1.50 for temperatures between 50 and 800 degree C.; preferably the carbon base body is also anisotropic with respect to electric resistivity such that the maximum-to-minimum resistivity ratio is greater than 1.04 but not greater than 1.51, and the direction in which the resistivity is maximum coincides the direction of the heater pattern in which the electricity runs the longest distance.

A removable heater assembly for an aerosol-generating device is provided, the removable heater assembly being configured to heat a tobacco plug and including an electrical heater, a data storage device, and data stored on the data storage device, the data including calibration data for the electrical heater. An aerosol-generating device is also provided, including the removable heater assembly, a housing defining a cavity configured to removably receive the removable heater assembly and an aerosol-generating article, a power supply, and a controller configured to receive data from the data storage device of the removable heater assembly and to control a supply of electrical power from the power supply to the electrical heater of the removable heater assembly based on the received data.