A fluidic chip comprising: a sealing layer having an upper surface and a lower surface; and a formed part comprising a generally planar body having a lower surface sealed with the upper surface of the sealing layer, the generally planar body having a number of through holes and a number of wells in fluid communication with the number of through holes, wherein together with the upper surface of the sealing layer, the number of through holes and the number of wells respectively define a number of fluid inlets and a number of fluid chambers in fluid connection with each other in the fluidic chip.

Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing heating elements for vehicle interior materials, which includes forming a base part having the same shape as a curved surface of a subject, forming an electrode part on an upper surface of the base part, and stacking a heating part on upper surfaces of the base part and electrode part. Accordingly, the heating element is manufactured in advance to have the same shape as the curved surface of the subject and then adhered to the subject so that the heating element is overlapped on and pressed against the subject without deformation. Thus, it is possible to make overall temperature distribution uniform and improve product quality.

The present invention relates to a heating device for an aircraft interior. The heating device has a mechanically loadable support structure, a mechanically loadable and thermally conductive outer structure, and a heater for converting electrical energy into thermal energy, wherein the heater is arranged between the support structure and the outer structure and has a heating layer composed of a resistance material with a positive temperature coefficient.

A sheet-shaped heat generator includes a pseudo sheet structure including a plurality of metal wires arranged at an interval, the metal wires each including a core including a first metal and a metal film provided on an exterior of the core, the metal film including a second metal different from the first metal, in which a volume resistivity of the first metal is in a range from 1.0×10.sup.−5 [Ω.Math.cm] to 5.0×10.sup.−4 [Ω.Math.cm], and a standard electrode potential of the second metal is +0.34 V or more.

A radiating panel includes the following succession of layers: at least one supporting layer which is at least thermally insulating and constituted by a material chosen from extruded expanded polystyrene, sintered expanded polystyrene, and polyisocyanurate; at least one heating layer which includes at least one electric heating element and a studded element with interspaces for laying at least one electric heating cable. The studded element has a shaped sheet element with studs extending in the opposite direction to that of the supporting layer.

The panel includes at least one finishing layer which is at least thermally conducting and made of a material chosen at least from ceramic and natural stone.

The panel also includes an adhesive between the heating and finishing layers, and the studded element is coupled to the supporting layer using one element chosen from glue, extruded adhesives, silicone glues, pressure-sensitive adhesive systems, and mechanical fixing elements.

A vehicle including a rear bumper having an upper surface, a power source, and a heating element in communication with the power source is provided. The heating element extends in a vehicle lateral direction and along substantially an entire portion of the upper surface of the rear bumper. The heating element may operable when a tailgate is in a closed position. Thus, debris, such as ice, dirt, and the like, accumulating on the upper surface of the rear bumper may be melted by the heating element prior to the tailgate opening. The heating element may be configured to heat substantially an entire portion of the upper surface of the rear bumper. The heating element may be configured to heat upon a condition being satisfied such as, for example, a vehicle start operation or outside temperature being below a predetermined threshold.

A thermal radiation heater includes: a heater element layer including a planar conductive body; at least one front surface side layer including an outermost layer and provided close to a front surface of the heater element layer; and at least one back surface side layer including an outermost layer and provided close to a back surface of the heater element layer. The outermost layer close to the front surface has an emissivity of 0.7 or more, and the outermost layer close to the back surface has an emissivity of 0.6 or less.

A sheet-shaped conductive member includes a pseudo sheet structure including a plurality of conductive linear bodies arranged at a distance from each other, the conductive linear bodies each being in a wavy shape in a plan view of the sheet-shaped conductive member, the wavy shape being a shape where a second wave is made along an imaginary first wave, the second wave being shorter in amplitude and wavelength than the first wave.

A wiring sheet includes: a pseudo sheet structure including a plurality of conductive linear bodies arranged at intervals; a pair of electrodes; and a first power feeder provided for one of the electrodes and a second power feeder provided for the other of the electrodes. Assuming that the number of the conductive linear bodies is N, a resistance value of a n-th conductive linear body counted from a side at which the first power feeder and the second power feeder are provided is r.sub.n, and a resistance value of the electrodes is R, all of conditions represented by numerical formulae (F1), (F2), and (F3) below are satisfied. (F1): r.sub.1/R≤300 (F2): r.sub.n+1≤r.sub.n (In the formula (F2), n is an integer of 1 or more) (F3): 0<r.sub.1-r.sub.N

A pseudo sheet structure is usable for a sensor configured to emit an electromagnetic wave in a band ranging from 20 GHz to 100 GHz. The pseudo sheet structure includes a plurality of conductive linear bodies arranged at an interval L satisfying a formula (1) below, 0.034×λ.sub.S≤L≤20 mm (1). In the formula (1), L is the interval between the plurality of conductive linear bodies, λ.sub.S is a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the sensor, and a unit for each of L and λ.sub.S is mm.