A light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode that overlaps the first electrode; m emission parts positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode; and (m-1) charge generating layers disposed between adjacent emission parts. Each of the charge generating layers may include an n-type charge generating layer and a p-type charge generating layer, and the n-type charge generating layer may include a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1:

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an organic electronic device, comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a substantially organic layer comprising a compound according to formula (I) between the first and the second electrode: ##STR00001##
wherein M is a metal ion, each of A.sup.1-A.sup.4 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl and substituted or unsubstituted C2-C20 heteroaryl and n is valency of the metal ion.

The present invention relates to an organic electronic device, comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a substantially organic layer comprising a compound according to formula (I) between the first and the second electrode: ##STR00001##
wherein M is a metal ion, each of A.sup.1-A.sup.4 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl and substituted or unsubstituted C2-C20 heteroaryl and n is valency of the metal ion.

The present application relates to a compound of a formula (I), to the use thereof in electronic devices, to processes for preparing the compound, and electronic devices comprising the compound.

A light-emitting device with a long lifetime is provided. A light-emitting device with a low driving voltage is provided. In the light-emitting device, an electron-transport layer includes an organometallic complex of an alkali metal and an organic compound having an electron-transport property; the organometallic complex and the organic compound form an exciplex in combination; a value (eV) obtained by converting into energy a peak wavelength of an emission spectrum of the exciplex formed with the organometallic complex and the organic compound having a mass ratio of 1:1 is smaller than a difference (eV) between a HOMO level of the organometallic complex and a LUMO level of the organic compound by greater than or equal to 0.1 eV.

A light-emitting element is provided with an interlayer organic layer having electron transport properties. At a HOMO level, an energy level difference between a first hole transport layer and the second hole transport layer is from 0.0 eV to 0.20 eV, and at a LUMO level, an energy level difference between a first electron transport layer and a second electron transport layer, and an energy level difference between the first electron transport layer and the blue light-emitting layer are each from 0.0 eV to 0.20 eV. Alternatively, the light-emitting element is provided with the interlayer organic layer between the electron transport layer and the cathode electrode, the electron transport layer is formed from a lithium quinolate complex and an organic compound having electron transport properties, and the interlayer organic layer is formed from an organic compound including an amino group or a hydroxyl group.

Disclosed herein are light emitting device that emit highly circularly polarized light. These devices may be used to form a dot-matrix display or an electronic information display comprised of a series of photopolymerizable, chiral liquid crystalline layers that can be solvent cast on a substrate. The mixture of chiral materials in each successive layer may be blended in such a way that each layer has the same chiral pitch and may also be blended so that the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices in each layer match the other layers such that the complete assembly of layers will optically function as a single relatively thick layer or chiral liquid crystal. The chiral nematic material in each layer can spontaneously adopt a helical structure with a helical pitch. Further disclosed are pixel structures that not only emit light with brightness and chromaticity information, but also depth of focus information as well.

Disclosed herein are light emitting device that emit highly circularly polarized light. These devices may be used to form a dot-matrix display or an electronic information display comprised of a series of photopolymerizable, chiral liquid crystalline layers that can be solvent cast on a substrate. The mixture of chiral materials in each successive layer may be blended in such a way that each layer has the same chiral pitch and may also be blended so that the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices in each layer match the other layers such that the complete assembly of layers will optically function as a single relatively thick layer or chiral liquid crystal. The chiral nematic material in each layer can spontaneously adopt a helical structure with a helical pitch. Further disclosed are pixel structures that not only emit light with brightness and chromaticity information, but also depth of focus information as well.

An electroluminescent device including an anode, a cathode, and a light emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, the light emitting layer includes a plurality of semiconductor nanoparticles; and an electron transport layer disposed between the light emitting layer and the cathode. The electron transport layer includes zinc oxide nanoparticles and an organic liquid crystal compound. A production method to the electroluminescent device or a display device is also disclosed.

A novel organic compound that is effective in improving the element characteristics and reliability is provided. The organic compound, which is represented by General Formula (G1), has a structure in which a dibenzoquinazoline ring is bonded to a skeleton with a hole-transport property via one or more arylene groups.

##STR00001##

Any one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.9 in General Formula (G1) is bonded to any one of R.sup.10 to R.sup.14 in General Formula (G1-1). Note that n is any of 0 to 3; m is 1 or 2; A represents a single bond, or an arylene group; B represents a ring having a dibenzofuran skeleton, dibenzothiophene skeleton, or carbazole skeleton; and each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.15 independently represents any of hydrogen, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, and an aryl group.