Photovoltaic devices, and methods of fabricating photovoltaic devices. The photovoltaic devices may include a first electrode, at least one quantum dot layer, at least one semiconductor layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode may include a layer including Cr and one or more silver contacts.

The invention relates to novel organic semiconducting compounds containing a polycyclic unit, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to compositions, polymer blends and formulations containing them, to the use of the compounds, compositions and polymer blends as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of, organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, perovskite-based solar cell (PSC) devices, organic photodetectors (OPD), organic field effect transistors (OFET) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and to OE, OPV, PSC, OPD, OFET and OLED devices comprising these compounds, compositions or polymer blends.

The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (1) which are suitable for use in electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, and to electronic devices which comprise these compounds. ##STR00001##

A method for applying thin film material onto a substrate comprises: forming microdroplets of a solvent and a solute material forming the thin film material; depositing the microdroplets on an upper surface of a micro-structured mesh, wherein the microdroplets are deposited to allow coalescing into droplets extending into the micro-structured mesh; and arranging a surface of the substrate in close relation to a bottom surface of the micro-structured mesh such that a capillary force draws liquid of the droplets onto the surface of the substrate, whereby forced dynamic wetting of the surface of the substrate is provided to form a liquid film on the surface of the substrate.

According to principals as disclosed herein an organic, light emitting diode assembly is provided having a first electrode. An electron injection layer is adjacent to the first electrode. A first electron transport layer composed of inorganic material is adjacent to the electron injection layer. A second electron transport layer composed of organic material is adjacent to the first electron transport layer and in contact with an organic light emitting material layer. The organic light emitting material layer is in direct, abutting contact with the second electron transport layer. A hole transport layer is adjacent to the organic light emitting material layer and a second electrode is adjacent to the hole transport layer.

The present disclosure relates to a stretchable organic light-emitting diode and a manufacturing method thereof, the stretchable organic light-emitting diode including: a stretchable driving unit including a stretchable field effect transistor (FET); and a stretchable light-emitting unit including an elastic material on the stretchable driving unit.

Method of making a current collecting grid for solar cells, including the steps of a) providing a continuous layer stack (1) on a substrate (8), the layer stack (1) including an upper (2) and a lower (3) conductive layer having a photoactive layer (4) interposed there between; b) selectively removing the upper conductive layer (2) and the photoactive layer (4) for obtaining a first contact hole (10) extending through the upper conductive layer (2) and photoactive layer (4) exposing the lower conductive layer (3); c) printing a front contact body (4) on the upper conductive layer (2) and a back contact body (5) in the first contact hole (10) on the lower conductive layer (3) and forming an electrically insulating first gap surrounding the back contact body (5) between the upper conductive layer (2) and the back contact body (2).

Described herein are compositions comprising hole carrier materials, typically conjugated polymers, and fluoropolymers ink compositions comprising hole carrier materials and fluoropolymers, and uses thereof, for example, in organic electronic devices.

A photoelectric conversion element includes a first electrode layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes a first base member, and a rough layer formed on the first base member. The photoelectric conversion layer is formed on the rough layer, and the second electrode layer is formed above the photoelectric conversion layer. The rough layer includes a plurality of metal fine particles irregularly connected together and to a surface of the first base member, and the photoelectric conversion layer infiltrates among the plurality of metal fine particles constituting the rough layer.

The present invention relates to a compound having a general formula selected from the group consisting of formula 1a and 1b, wherein K represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic group in which at least one hydrogen atom may be substituted by a functional groups selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid group, a sulfuric acid group, an ammonium group and an aliphatic group; X is selected from the group consisting of a C—C-bond, O, S, SO.sub.2 and NR′, wherein R′ represents a hydrogen or an aliphatic or aromatic group; A represents a fluorinated or perfluorinated aromatic group; n represents an integer in the range from 2 to 6; m represents an integer in the range from 1 to 3. The present invention also relates to a composition comprising this compound, to a process for the preparation of a conductive layer using this composition, to a conductive layer comprising the compound according to the present invention, to electronic components comprising this conductive layer and to the use of the compound according to the present invention as an additive in a hole-injection layer of an OLED or in an organic solar cell.

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