An over-current protection device includes first and second electrodes and a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) multilayered structure disposed between the first and second electrodes. The PTC multilayered structure includes a first polymer layer that is bonded to the first electrode, an intermediate layered unit that is bonded to said first polymer layer and that includes a second polymer layer, a third polymer layer that is bonded to and disposed between the intermediate layered unit and the second electrode. The first, second and third polymer layers respectively have first, second and third volume resistances, the second volume resistance being higher than the first and third volume resistances.

A circuit protection assembly has a protection element having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance and consisting of a polymer-based conductive composite material layer tightly clamped and fixed between two metal electrodes and a copper clad laminate having a through hole in a middle thereof, wherein the protection element is provided in the through hole, the copper clad laminate serves as a substrate for the circuit protection assembly and has an adhesive layer on an upper surface and a lower surface thereof, so as to cover the protection element in a space formed by the copper clad laminate and the upper and the lower adhesive layers. The protection element having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance is electrically connected to a protected circuit via a conductive part.

A spark plug includes a housing, an isolator arranged in the housing, and a ground electrode arranged on a front surface of the housing on a combustion chamber side. The spark plug further includes a central electrode, a terminal stud, and a resistance element all of which are arranged in the isolator. The resistance element is spatially arranged between the central electrode and the terminal stud and connects the central electrode to the terminal stud. The ground electrode forms a spark gap together with the central electrode. The resistance element contains a resistance material that contains conductive particles and non-conductive particles. At least 80% of the non-conductive particles have a maximum diameter of 20 m.

The invention relates to a switch including a switch housing, a contact system and a base disposed in the switch housing, a resistive element for diagnosing a state of a switch, and at least two terminals leading from the base. The resistive element has a specific resistance value. The resistive element is a conductive material formed on the base, the terminals being electrically connected by the conductive material.

A heater device that includes a planar heating element that is electrically conductive and two electrodes electrically connected to the planar heating element. The planar heating element includes a layered material having a plurality of layers, each layer having a crystal lattice which is represented by: M.sub.n+1X.sub.n (wherein M is at least one metal of Group 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7; X is a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, or a combination thereof; and n is 1, 2, or 3), and in which each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M, and having at least one modifier or terminal T selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a fluorine atom, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom on at least one of two opposing surfaces of said each layer.

A film resistor and a thin-film sensor are disclosed. In an embodiment a film resistor includes a piezoresistive layer including a first transition metal carbide.

A method of making a resistance temperature detector includes additively manufacturing a conductive ink on a flexible substrate and applying the resistance temperature detector to a geometrically complex surface of a component requiring heating, or directly additive manufacturing the resistance temperature detector onto that surface.

A heating paste composition, and a sheet heating element, a heating roller, a heating unit and a heating module, which use the composition, are disclosed. In one aspect, the heating paste composition includes 0.2 parts to 6 parts by weight of carbon nanotube particles, 0.5 parts to 30 parts by weight of graphite particles, 5 parts to 30 parts by weight of a binder mixture, 29 parts to 80 parts by weight of an organic solvent and 0.5 parts to 5 parts by weight of a dispersant, wherein the weights are with respect to 100 parts by weight of the heating paste composition.

A force sensitive resistor includes first and second electrical contacts, and a layer of deformable material impregnated with carbon nanotubes. The layer of deformable material is arranged between the first and second electrical contacts. A difference in the conductivity of the impregnated material caused by deformation of the material is detectable across the contacts. A method of manufacturing a force sensitive resistor includes the steps of providing first and second electrical contacts, and arranging a deformable material impregnated with carbon nanotubes between the first and second electrical contacts. Again, a difference in the conductivity of the impregnated material caused by deformation of the material is detectable across the contacts

Provided are a varistor forming paste, a cured product thereof, and a varistor, that can increase the degree of freedom in designing an electronic device, and can exhibit appropriate varistor characteristics. The varistor forming paste contains an epoxy resin (A), a curing agent (B), and a carbon aerogel (C).