Improvements to a side-on Penning trap include a feedback system for stabilizing the magnetic field. This system includes a magnetic sensor that measures the magnetic field and a solenoid coil that in response to the magnetic field measurements increases or decreases the overall magnetic field. Improvements also include a number of different configurations of the two sets of PCB electrodes used to produce the quadrupole electric field. Dimensions of the PCB electrodes are optimized, an equipotential surface electrode is added, and additional ring electrodes are added to produce a purer quadrupole field. A central disk electrode is segmented to direct charged particles to the trap center to make the trap useful for applications other than mass spectrometry. Finally, outer ring electrodes are segmented to increase the path of charged particles, thereby increasing sensitivity.

An ion trap device is disclosed with a method of manufacturing thereof including a substrate, first and second RF electrode rails, first and second DC electrodes on either upper or lower side of substrate, and a laser penetration passage connected to ion trapping zone from outer side of the first or second side of substrate. The substrate includes ion trapping zone in space defined by first and second sides of substrate separated by a distance with reference to width direction of ion trap device. The first and second RF electrode rails are arranged in parallel longitudinally of ion trap device. The first RF electrode is arranged on upper side of first side, the second DC electrode is arranged on lower side of first side, the first DC electrode is arranged on upper side of second side, and the second RF electrode rail is arranged on lower side of second side.

A miniature electrode apparatus is disclosed for trapping charged particles, the apparatus includes, along a longitudinal direction, a first end cap electrode, a central electrode having an aperture, and a second end cap electrode. The aperture is elongated in the lateral plane and extends through the central electrode along the longitudinal direction and the central electrode surrounds the aperture in a lateral plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction to define a transverse cavity for trapping charged particles. Electric fields can be applied in a y-direction of the lateral plane across one or more planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis to translocate and/or manipulate ion trajectories.

Preparation cell systems and methods are described herein. One example of a system for a preparation cell includes a laser coupled to a fiber bundle comprising a plurality of fibers, a preparation cell to prepare a state of laser light received by the fiber bundle, and an exiting fiber bundle coupled to the preparation cell.

Mass spectrometry systems or assemblies therefore include an ionizer that includes at least one planar conductor, a mass analyzer with a planar electrode assembly, and a detector comprising at least one planar conductor. The ionizer, the mass analyzer and the detector are attached together in a compact stack assembly. The stack assembly has a perimeter that bounds an area that is between about 0.01 mm.sup.2 to about 25 cm.sup.2 and the stack assembly has a thickness that is between about 0.1 mm to about 25 mm.

A miniature electrode apparatus is disclosed for trapping charged particles, the apparatus including, along a longitudinal direction: a first end cap electrode; a central electrode having an aperture; and a second end cap electrode. The aperture is elongated in the lateral plane and extends through the central electrode along the longitudinal direction and the central electrode surrounds the aperture in a lateral plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction to define a transverse cavity for trapping charged particles.

An ion trap device is disclosed with a method of manufacturing thereof including a substrate, first and second RF electrode rails, first and second DC electrodes on either upper or lower side of substrate, and a laser penetration passage connected to ion trapping zone from outer side of the first or second side of substrate. The substrate includes ion trapping zone in space defined by first and second sides of substrate separated by a distance with reference to width direction of ion trap device. The first and second RF electrode rails are arranged in parallel longitudinally of ion trap device. The first RF electrode is arranged on upper side of first side, the second DC electrode is arranged on lower side of first side, the first DC electrode is arranged on upper side of second side, and the second RF electrode rail is arranged on lower side of second side.

A miniature electrode apparatus is disclosed for trapping charged particles, the apparatus includes, along a longitudinal direction, a first end cap electrode, a central electrode having an aperture, and a second end cap electrode. The aperture is elongated in the lateral plane and extends through the central electrode along the longitudinal direction and the central electrode surrounds the aperture in a lateral plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction to define a transverse cavity for trapping charged particles. Electric fields can be applied in a y-direction of the lateral plane across one or more planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis to translocate and/or manipulate ion trajectories.

A micro-fabricated device for controlling trapped ions includes a substrate of a dielectric material or a semiconductor material. A structured electrode layer is disposed above the substrate. The structured electrode layer forms a plurality of electrodes of an ion trap configured to trap ions in a space above the structured electrode layer. The structured electrode layer includes a low phonon density of states layer, referred to as low-PDOS layer, the low-PDOS layer being of TiN or TiW or Ti or W and having a thickness of equal to or greater than 100 nm.

An ion analyzer for analyzing product ions generated by irradiating precursor ions derived from a sample component with radicals, the ion analyzer including a reaction chamber 2, a radical supply unit 5, 6 configured to generate radicals and supply the radicals to the reaction chamber, a radical temperature acquisition unit 911, 912 configured to acquire a temperature of the radicals to be supplied to the reaction chamber, a standard substance supply unit 11 configured to supply a predetermined amount of predetermined precursor ions to the reaction chamber, the predetermined precursor ions being generated from a standard substance whose activation energy of a reaction in which the radicals attach to the standard substance is known, an ion measurement unit 92 configured to measure an amount of predetermined product ions generated from the precursor ions derived from the standard substance by the reaction with the radicals, a reactive radical amount calculation unit 93 configured to obtain an amount of reactive radicals based on the amount of the predetermined product ions, and a radical density calculation unit 94 configured to obtain a radical density based on the temperature of the radicals, the activation energy, and the amount of the reactive radicals.