A DC gas discharge lamp includes an anode and a cathode having a first cathode segment, which forms the surface of the cathode at least in a region of the cathode which faces the anode and has an arc attachment region, within which an arc burning between the cathode and the anode attaches during lamp operation as intended. The first cathode segment consists of tungsten with at least one emitter material for reducing the work function of electrons from the cathode. The cathode is embodied in a manner free of thorium. The at least one emitter material has a melting point of less than 3200 K. At least one part of the surface of the cathode outside the arc attachment region is formed by a diffusion barrier for the at least one emitter material.

Apparatus, systems, and methods for processing workpieces are provided. An arc lamp can include a tube. The arc lamp can include one or more inlets configured to receive water to be circulated through the arc lamp during operation as a water wall, the water wall configured to cool the arc lamp. The arc lamp can include a plurality of electrodes configured to generate a plasma in a forming gas introduced into the arc lamp via the one or more inlets. The forming gas can be or can include a mixture of a hydrogen gas and an inert gas, the hydrogen gas in the mixture having a concentration less than 4% by volume. The hydrogen gas can be introduced into the arc lamp prior to generating the plasma. The arc lamp may be used for processing workpieces.

Systems and methods for reducing contamination of one or more arc lamps are provided. One example implementation is directed to a millisecond anneal system. The millisecond anneal system includes a processing chamber for thermally treating a substrate using a millisecond anneal process. The system further includes one or more arc lamps. Each of the one or more arc lamps is coupled to a water loop for circulating water through the arc lamp during operation of the arc lamp. The system includes a reagent injection source configured to introduce a reagent, such as nitrogen gas, into water circulating through the arc lamp during operation of the arc lamp.

A laser-sustained plasma light source includes a plasma lamp configured to contain a volume of gas and receive illumination from a pump laser in order to generate a plasma. The plasma lamp includes one or more transparent portions transparent to illumination from the pump laser and at least a portion of the broadband radiation emitted by the plasma. The one or more transparent portions are formed from a transparent material having elevated hydroxide content above 700 ppm.

In a light-emitting sealed body, a metal structure (electron emission structure) containing an easily electron-emitting material is used, so that it is not necessary to perform feeding for discharge between electrodes. Therefore, a feeding member does not need to be connected to the metal structure from the outside of a bulb. In addition, in the light-emitting sealed body, the metal structure is disposed in an internal space S of the bulb and a positioning unit of the metal structure is disposed only in the bulb. Therefore, in the light-emitting sealed body, the metal structure and the positioning unit do not penetrate the bulb and are not buried in the bulb and weakened portions are not formed in the bulb made of glass. Therefore, a sealing state of the bulb can be maintained surely.

The disclosure relates to a discharge lamp including a light emitting tube having a discharge space therein, and a pair of electrodes disposed in the discharge space so as to be opposed to each other, wherein a changing rate of a cross-sectional area is equal to or lower than 200%. The changing rate is a rate of change of the cross-sectional area in every 0.25 mm in a direction along an optical axis of the light emitting tube. The cross-sectional area is an area of a plane perpendicular to the optical axis in a space between an outside shape of at least one of the pair of electrodes and an inside wall of the light emitting tube.

A lamp comprising an envelope (1) of quartz glass surrounding the light source of the lamp is described, wherein an electric conductor (8), for example, an electrode rod, is at least partly embedded in the quartz glass material of the envelope (1). At the conductor (8) is provided with protrusions (15) forming a brush-like structure at this surface. The protrusions (15) preferably have an average length of between 10 m and 35 m.

The present invention relates to a high-intensity discharge lamp (1) comprising a discharge vessel (2) enclosing a filling in a discharge chamber (3), and a pair of electrode rods (4, 5) being formed of a material which is free of thorium and protruding from opposite sides into the discharge chamber (3). The diameter ED of the electrode rods (4, 5) in the discharge chamber (3) N satisfies the formula (I), wherein W represents the value of the nominal lamp power in mW and Ed represents the value of the distance of the electrode rods (4, 5) in the discharge chamber (3) in mm, and wherein the nominal lamp power W is between 20 W and 50 W. With the above formula, high-intensity discharge lamps can be easily designed with different nominal powers and/or 10 electrode distances without time consuming experiments in order to achieve an optimum performance.

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{ED}{\mathrm{ED}}_0=\sqrt{.Math..Math.W/\left[1+\frac{\mathrm{Ed}-3}{3.Math..Math.\mathrm{Ed}}\right]}.Math.m-10.Math.m,& \left(I\right)\end{array}$

Flash tubes for photographic use, in particular a flash tube is adapted to provide a light output adapted to FP-sync, Flat Peak. The flash tube includes a length of glass tubing enclosing a gas for use in the flash tube, a cathode inside a first end part of glass tubing and an anode inside a second end part of glass tubing. The cathode includes an element that helps to ionize the gas that is wound around the cathode, such that a spark stream starts from the upper part of the cathode and is prevented from spreading down wards on the cathode and changing the arc length during the light output adapted to FP-sync.

An arc lamp includes an arc tube configured to receive a reaction gas therein, and an anode and a cathode disposed opposite one another within the arc tube and configured to generate an electrical arc. The anode includes an anode head portion extending inwardly from an end portion of the arc tube, and an anode tip portion bonded to the anode head portion and comprising a trench extending in a top surface along a peripheral region of the anode tip portion.