A solar cell can include a silicon semiconductor substrate; an oxide layer on a first surface of the silicon semiconductor substrate; a polysilicon layer on the oxide layer; a diffusion region at a second surface of the silicon semiconductor substrate; a dielectric film on the polysilicon layer; a first electrode connected to the polysilicon layer through the dielectric film; a passivation film on the diffusion region; and a second electrode connected to the diffusion region through the passivation film.

A simple and still reliable detector for an accurate determination of a position of at least one object in space is provided. The detector comprises a longitudinal optical sensor (114) having a stack of at least two individual pin diodes (130, 130) arranged between at least two electrodes (132, 132). Upon illumination of the sensor region by an incident light beam (136), a longitudinal sensor signal is generated. The longitudinal sensor signal, given the same power of illumination, is dependent on a beam cross-section of the light beam (136). The at last two individual pin diodes (130, 130) have different spectral sensitivities in order to enable the determination of a distance between the object and the detector by light beams in different spectral ranges, e.g. by light beams in the visible spectral range and in the infrared spectral range.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solar cell and a solar cell module. The solar cell includes a first region and a second region, and further includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface; a tunneling layer covering the second surface; a first emitter formed on part of the tunneling layer in the first region; and a second emitter formed on part of the tunneling layer in the second region and on the first emitter, a conductivity type of the second emitter being different from a conductivity type of the first emitter. The solar cell further includes a first electrode configured to electrically connect with the first emitter by penetrating through the second emitter; and a second electrode formed in the second region and configured to electrically connect with the second emitter.

A solar cell can include a silicon semiconductor substrate having a first conductive type; a oxide layer on a first surface of the silicon semiconductor substrate; a polysilicon layer on the oxide layer and having the first conductive type; an emitter region at a second surface of the silicon semiconductor substrate opposite to the first surface and having a second conductive type opposite to the first conductive type; a first passivation film on the polysilicon layer; a first electrode connected to the polysilicon layer through an opening formed in the first passivation film; a second passivation film on the emitter region; and a second electrode connected to the emitter region through an opening formed in the second passivation film.

A method for manufacturing a multi-junction photoelectric conversion device includes forming a first electrode on a first photoelectric conversion unit including a first semiconductor layer as a photoelectric conversion layer, the first electrode including a plurality of patterned regions separated from one another by separation grooves; and eliminating a leakage existing in the first semiconductor layer by applying a reverse bias voltage between one of the patterned regions of the first electrode and a second photoelectric conversion unit comprising a second semiconductor layer as a photoelectric conversion layer. The application of the reverse bias voltage is performed while irradiating the second photoelectric conversion unit with light, generating a photocurrent in the second photoelectric conversion unit that is larger than a photocurrent in the first photoelectric conversion unit.

A solar cell can include a silicon semiconductor substrate having a first conductive type; a oxide layer on a first surface of the silicon semiconductor substrate; a polysilicon layer on the oxide layer and having the first conductive type; an emitter region at a second surface of the silicon semiconductor substrate opposite to the first surface and having a second conductive type opposite to the first conductive type; a first passivation film on the polysilicon layer; a first electrode connected to the polysilicon layer through an opening formed in the first passivation film; a second passivation film on the emitter region; and a second electrode connected to the emitter region through an opening formed in the second passivation film.

A heterojunction solar cell and a preparation method therefor. The heterojunction solar cell comprises: a semiconductor substrate layer; and a back composite transparent conductive film located on one side of the semiconductor substrate layer. The back surface composite transparent conductive film comprises: a first back surface transparent conductive film; and a second back transparent conductive film located on the side surface of the first back transparent conductive film facing away from the semiconductor substrate layer. Both the first back transparent conductive film and the second back transparent conductive film are doped with group III heavy atoms, and the concentration of the group III heavy atoms in the second back transparent conductive film is less than that of the group III heavy atoms in the first back transparent conductive film.

A solar cell, a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate, a first substrate doped layer, a second substrate doped layer, a first passivation layer, and a first doped semiconductor layer. The semiconductor substrate includes a first surface, and the first surface includes a first region and a second region adjacent to the first region along a first direction. The first substrate doped layer is located in the first region. The second substrate doped layer is located in the second region, and the first substrate doped layer is connected to the second substrate doped layer. The first passivation layer is located on a side of the second substrate doped layer away from the semiconductor substrate. The first doped semiconductor layer is located on a side of the first passivation layer away from the semiconductor substrate.

Provided are a solar cell, including: a semiconductor substrate, in which a rear surface of the semiconductor substrate having non-pyramid-shaped microstructures, the non-pyramid-shaped microstructures include two or more first substructures at least partially stacked on one another, and a one-dimensional size of the surface of the outermost first substructure is less than or equal to 45 m; a first passivation layer located on a front surface of the semiconductor substrate; first and second tunnel oxide layers located on the non-pyramid-shaped microstructures; first and second doped conductive layers located on a surface of the first and second tunnel oxide layers, the first and second doped conductive layer has different conductive types; a second passivation layer located on a surface of the first and second doped conductive layers; and electrodes formed by penetrating through the second passivation layer to be in contact with the first and second doped conductive layers.

A method for manufacturing a solar cell can include a tunnel layer forming step of forming a tunnel layer on a first surface of a semiconductor substrate, a first conductive type semiconductor region forming step of forming a first conductive type semiconductor region on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, a second conductive type semiconductor region forming step of forming a second conductive type semiconductor region by doping impurities of a second conductive type into a second surface of the semiconductor substrate, a first passivation film forming step of forming a first passivation film on the first conductive type semiconductor region and an electrode forming step of forming a first electrode connected to the first conductive type semiconductor region and a second electrode connected to the second conductive type semiconductor region.