The present invention provides a method for operating a redox-flow battery system comprising at least two battery modules, wherein the redox-flow battery system comprises a measuring device for providing a measured variable representing a measure of the state of charge of each battery module, and wherein the method comprises the following steps: cyclic operation of the redox flow battery system; detecting measured values by use of the measuring device; carrying out at least two balancing interventions on a battery module during a half cycle; and wherein the last balancing intervention carried out in the half-cycle is of the overcompensating type, and an SoC.sub.2 value used for this balancing intervention is predicted with the aid of pre-trained AI.

An electric power control apparatus is for a fuel cell system including an impedance measurement unit that measures an impedance of the fuel cell based on a current and a voltage measured when alternating-current electric power is superimposed on output electric power of the fuel cell. A processor of the electric power control apparatus: estimates a remaining capacity of the electric power storage device after execution of a process of measuring the impedance; performs charging and discharging of the electric power storage device before start of the process of measuring the impedance, to make the estimated remaining capacity fall within a predetermined range from a lower limit value to an upper limit value; and controls electric power generation of the fuel cell to make a generated current of the fuel cell constant, during the execution of the process of measuring the impedance.

A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell stack that generates electric power by using a chemical reaction of anode gas and cathode gas; a temperature measurement section that measures temperature of the fuel cell stack; a depressurization section; and an operation control section that controls the fuel cell stack and the depressurization section. The fuel cell stack includes a cathode gas channel in which the cathode gas flows. The depressurization section allows the cathode gas channel to be depressurized. When the operation control section stops the operation of the fuel cell stack, the operation control section controls the depressurization section to cause the depressurization section to depressurize the inside of the cathode gas channel until pressure inside the cathode gas channel falls below the saturated water vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature of the fuel cell stack measured by the temperature measurement section.

An insulation fault response method for a fuel cell vehicle, comprising: when a vehicle starts, detecting whether a fuel cell is in a startup state or not; when the fuel cell is not in the startup state, reading a first insulation resistance detected by a fuel cell control unit and a second insulation resistance detected by a cell management system; when the first insulation resistance indicates that the vehicle is in an insulation fault, executing a first control policy; and when the second insulation resistance indicates that the vehicle in an insulation fault, executing a second control policy, wherein the first control policy is different from the second control policy, and wherein when the first insulation resistance is less than a first threshold and/or the second insulation resistance is less than a second threshold, the vehicle is in an insulation fault.

In the present disclosure, a method, an apparatus, and a system for collecting carbon using a fuel cell principle are disclosed. More specifically, the carbon capture device may comprise an air cartridge in which a gas including a carbon component is introduced; a fuel cartridge in which a fuel is injected; a fuel cell stack; a fuel supply line for supplying the fuel between the fuel cartridge and the fuel cell stack; and a controller, wherein the fuel cell stack may include: an anode unit including a fuel electrode for performing an oxidation reaction of the fuel supplied from the fuel supply line; a cathode unit including an air electrode for performing a reduction reaction of the gas introduced from the air cartridge; and an electrolyte unit including an electrolyte for transferring metal ions generated by the oxidation reaction of the fuel between the anode unit and the cathode unit. Various embodiments for collecting carbon and generating energy are disclosed.

In the present disclosure, a method, an apparatus, and a system for collecting carbon using a fuel cell principle are disclosed. More specifically, the carbon capture device may comprise an air cartridge in which a gas including a carbon component is introduced; a fuel cartridge in which a fuel is injected; a fuel cell stack; a fuel supply line for supplying the fuel between the fuel cartridge and the fuel cell stack; and a controller, wherein the fuel cell stack may include: an anode unit including a fuel electrode for performing an oxidation reaction of the fuel supplied from the fuel supply line; a cathode unit including an air electrode for performing a reduction reaction of the gas introduced from the air cartridge; and an electrolyte unit including an electrolyte for transferring metal ions generated by the oxidation reaction of the fuel between the anode unit and the cathode unit.

The invention relates to a thermal regulation system, comprising:an electrochemical device comprising two electrodes and a solid or polymer electrolyte,a heating element configured to heat the electrolyte,a control device configured to control the heating power of the heating element, anda measurement device configured to apply, between the electrodes, a sinusoidal voltage signal having a predetermined reference frequency and to measure, in response, a sinusoidal intensity signal, the control device being configured to determine a measure of resistance of the electrolyte, and, if the measure of resistance is below a predetermined minimum threshold corresponding to a maximum acceptable temperature of the electrolyte , decrease the value of the heating power of the heating element.

Disclosed is an electrochemical analysis method for recognizing whether a hydrophobic interfacial layer of a positively electrified electrode is formed, the analysis method uses a chloride ion in a battery system including a water-in-salt electrolyte and said electrode, wherein the water-in-salt electrolyte includes an aqueous solvent and a salt, and a ratio of the weight of the salt to the weight of the aqueous solvent is about 1 or more, and in the analysis method, a solution containing chloride ions is added to a water-in-salt electrolyte, and if two types of oxidation-reduction reactions related to chlorine ions are confirmed in a voltage applied state, it is determined that a hydrophobic interfacial layer is formed on the positively electrified electrode.

A method for maintaining a target electrochemical impedance (ECI) for a fuel cell, which corresponds to a target hydration state for the fuel cell. The method includes determining a target electrochemical impedance (ECI) for the fuel cell based on current operating conditions. The method further includes determining actual ECI for the fuel cell and comparing actual ECI to the target ECI. The method further includes adjusting a cathode flow to the fuel cell based on a deviation of the actual ECI from the target ECI.

A main object of the present disclosure is to provide a fuel cell system capable of rapidly determining occurrence of a leak. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a fuel cell system comprising: a fuel cell, a coolant circuit that circulates a cooling liquid to cool the fuel cell, a conductivity meter that measures a conductivity of the cooling liquid, and a determination device that determines a leak of the cooling liquid; wherein the determination device includes: an acquisition unit that acquires a conductivity of the cooling liquid from the conductivity meter, and a determination unit that determines a leak of the cooling liquid based on a fluctuation of the conductivity.