A bilayer complex proton exchange membrane and a membrane electrode assembly are provided. The bilayer complex proton exchange membrane includes a first complex structure and a second complex structure. The first complex structure includes 0.001-10 wt % of a graphene derivative with two dimension configuration, and 99.999-90 wt % of organic material. The organic material includes polymer material having sulfonic acid group or phosphate group. The second complex structure includes 0.5-30 wt % of inorganic material and 99.5-70 wt % of organic material, wherein a surface area of the inorganic material is 50-3000 m.sup.2/g, and the organic material includes polymer material with sulfonic acid group or phosphate group.

A bilayer complex proton exchange membrane and a membrane electrode assembly are provided. The bilayer complex proton exchange membrane includes a first complex structure and a second complex structure. The first complex structure includes 0.001-10 wt % of a graphene derivative with two dimension configuration, and 99.999-90 wt % of organic material. The organic material includes polymer material having sulfonic acid group or phosphate group. The second complex structure includes 0.5-30 wt % of inorganic material and 99.5-70 wt % of organic material, wherein a surface area of the inorganic material is 50-3000 m.sup.2/g, and the organic material includes polymer material with sulfonic acid group or phosphate group.

A solid polymer electrolyte membrane having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, where the solid polymer electrolyte membrane has a failure force greater than about 115 grams and comprises a composite membrane consisting essentially of (a) at least one expanded PTFE membrane having a porous microstructure of polymeric fibrils, and (b) at least one ion exchange material impregnated throughout the porous microstructure of the expanded PTFE membrane so as to render an interior volume of the expanded PTFE membrane substantially occlusive; (c) at least one substantially occlusive, electronically insulating first composite layer interposed between the expanded PTFE membrane and the first surface, the first composite layer comprising a plurality of first carbon particles supporting a catalyst comprising platinum and an ion exchange material, wherein a plurality of the first carbon particles has a particle size less than about 75 nm, or less than about 50 nm, or less than about 25 nm.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a fluoropolymer, a polymerized ionic liquid block copolymer (PILBC), and a catalyst, where the fluoropolymer is configured to affect ionic mobility, and the PILBC is configured to affect a property of the catalyst. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the property may include at least one of oxygen transport and/or an active site functionality of the catalyst.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a fluoropolymer, a polymerized ionic liquid block copolymer (PILBC), and a catalyst, where the fluoropolymer is configured to affect ionic mobility, and the PILBC is configured to affect a property of the catalyst. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the property may include at least one of oxygen transport and/or an active site functionality of the catalyst.

The present specification relates to a novel compound, a polymer electrolyte membrane including the same, a membrane-electrode assembly including the polymer electrolyte membrane, a fuel cell including the membrane-electrode assembly, and a redox flow battery including the polymer electrolyte membrane.

Disclosed are redox flow battery membranes, redox flow batteries incorporating the membranes, and methods of forming the membranes. The membranes include a polybenzimidazole gel membrane that is capable of incorporating a high liquid content without loss of structure that is formed according to a process that includes in situ hydrolysis of a polyphosphoric acid solvent. The membranes are imbibed with a redox flow battery supporting electrolyte such as sulfuric acid and can operate at very high ionic conductivities of about 100 mS/cm or greater. Redox flow batteries incorporating the PBI-based membranes can operate at high current densities of about 100 mA/cm.sup.2 or greater.

Disclosed are redox flow battery membranes, redox flow batteries incorporating the membranes, and methods of forming the membranes. The membranes include a polybenzimidazole gel membrane that is capable of incorporating a high liquid content without loss of structure that is formed according to a process that includes in situ hydrolysis of a polyphosphoric acid solvent. The membranes are imbibed with a redox flow battery supporting electrolyte such as sulfuric acid and can operate at very high ionic conductivities of about 100 mS/cm or greater. Redox flow batteries incorporating the PBI-based membranes can operate at high current densities of about 100 mA/cm.sup.2 or greater.

Disclosed are a polymer electrolyte membrane having both high ion conductivity and excellent chemical durability, a manufacturing method therefor, and an electrochemical device comprising same. The polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention comprises an electrolyte composition, the electrolyte composition containing: an ion conductor; and a radical scavenger, wherein the radical scavenger comprises an organic cyclic compound having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH), an amine group (—NH.sub.2), a carboxyl group (—COOH), and an amide group (—CONH.sub.2).

The present disclosure relates to a polyarylene ether-based polymer for an electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell, represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. When the polyarylene ether-based polymer for an electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell is applied to the manufacture of a membrane-electrode assembly through a decal process, the hot pressing temperature may be controlled to about 120° C. so as to conform to a low glass transition temperature. Therefore, it is possible to solve the problems of deterioration of an electrolyte membrane or incomplete transfer of an electrode catalyst layer, caused by the high hot pressing temperature applied in the case of the conventional hydrocarbon-based polymer material. ##STR00001##