A fuel cell electrolyte includes a nitrogen-doped phosphate tetrahedral network having a plurality of linked tetrahedra, each of the plurality of the linked tetrahedra having a phosphorus cation center and four anions including oxygen or nitrogen, the network having at least one compound of formula (I):

H.sub.3+xPO.sub.4−xN.sub.x

where x is any number between 0.001 and 3.

Disclosed is an electrolyte membrane for a membrane-electrode assembly including a block copolymer composed of a hydrophilic domain and a hydrophobic domain.

Disclosed is an electrolyte membrane for a membrane-electrode assembly including a block copolymer composed of a hydrophilic domain and a hydrophobic domain.

Disclosed herein is an electrolytic membrane with cationic ion or anionic ion conducting capability comprising crosslinked inorganic-organic hybrid electrolyte in a porous support, wherein the inorganic-organic hybrid crosslinked electrolyte is formed by chemical born formation between Linkers and Crosslinkers, wherein Linkers and/or Crosslinkers include at least one element from Si, P, N, Ti, Zr, Al, B, Ge, Mg, Sn, W, Zn, V, Nb, Pb or S.

The present invention relates to a membrane electrode unit comprising a polymer membrane doped with a mineral acid as well as two electrodes, characterized in that the polymer membrane comprises at least one polymer with at least one nitrogen atom and at least one electrode comprises a catalyst which is formed from at least one precious metal and at least one metal less precious according to the electrochemical series.

The present invention relates to a membrane electrode unit comprising a polymer membrane doped with a mineral acid as well as two electrodes, characterized in that the polymer membrane comprises at least one polymer with at least one nitrogen atom and at least one electrode comprises a catalyst which is formed from at least one precious metal and at least one metal less precious according to the electrochemical series.

Proton conducting materials and membranes and electrochemical devices incorporating the materials and membranes are provided. Also provided are methods of making the materials and membranes and methods of operating the electrochemical devices. The proton conducting materials are solid acids that form superprotonic phases at elevated temperatures. The superprotonic phases have a cubic structure and the general formula: M.sub.(1−x)H.sub.y]H.sub.2PO.sub.4, where M represents one or more monovalent cations or a combination of monovalent cations and divalent cations, 0<x≤2/9, and y is a number that provides charge balancing.

Proton conducting materials and membranes and electrochemical devices incorporating the materials and membranes are provided. Also provided are methods of making the materials and membranes and methods of operating the electrochemical devices. The proton conducting materials are solid acids that form superprotonic phases at elevated temperatures. The superprotonic phases have a cubic structure and the general formula: M.sub.(1−x)H.sub.y]H.sub.2PO.sub.4, where M represents one or more monovalent cations or a combination of monovalent cations and divalent cations, 0<x≤2/9, and y is a number that provides charge balancing.

Disclosed herein are electrolytes comprising a cationic-functionalized polymer and a polyacid dopant. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and using the disclosed doped polymer electrolytes.

The present specification relates to a block polymer and a polymer electrolyte membrane comprising the same, a membrane-electrode assembly comprising the polymer electrolyte membrane, a fuel cell comprising the membrane-electrode assembly, and a redox flow battery comprising the polymer electrolyte membrane.