A method of forming an interlayer of a solid oxide cell unit on the surface of a substrate may include: providing a base interlayer solution comprising a solution of a soluble salt precursor of a metal oxide (crystalline) ceramic and crystalline nanoparticles, depositing the base interlayer solution onto the surface of the substrate, drying the base interlayer solution to define a nanocomposite sub-layer of the soluble salt precursor and nanoparticles, heating the sub-layer to decompose it and form a film of metal oxide comprising nanoparticles on the surface, and firing the substrate with the film on the metal surface, to form a nanocomposite crystalline layer.

A method of forming an interlayer of a solid oxide cell unit on the surface of a substrate may include: providing a base interlayer solution comprising a solution of a soluble salt precursor of a metal oxide (crystalline) ceramic and crystalline nanoparticles, depositing the base interlayer solution onto the surface of the substrate, drying the base interlayer solution to define a nanocomposite sub-layer of the soluble salt precursor and nanoparticles, heating the sub-layer to decompose it and form a film of metal oxide comprising nanoparticles on the surface, and firing the substrate with the film on the metal surface, to form a nanocomposite crystalline layer.

Integrated devices comprising integrated circuits and energy storage devices are described. Disclosed energy storage devices correspond to an all-solid-state construction, and do not include any gels, liquids, or other materials that are incompatible with microfabrication techniques. Disclosed energy storage device comprises energy storage cells with electrodes comprising metal-containing compositions, like metal oxides, metal nitrides, or metal hydrides, and a solid state electrolyte.

Integrated devices comprising integrated circuits and energy storage devices are described. Disclosed energy storage devices correspond to an all-solid-state construction, and do not include any gels, liquids, or other materials that are incompatible with microfabrication techniques. Disclosed energy storage device comprises energy storage cells with electrodes comprising metal-containing compositions, like metal oxides, metal nitrides, or metal hydrides, and a solid state electrolyte.

Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell including a multi-layered electrolyte layer using a calendering process. The method for manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell is a continuous process, thus providing high productivity and maximizing facility investment and processing costs. In addition, the solid oxide fuel cell manufactured by the method includes an anode that is free of interfacial defects and has a uniform packing structure, thereby advantageously greatly improving the production yield and power density. In addition, the solid oxide fuel cell has excellent interfacial bonding strength between respective layers included therein, and includes a multi-layered electrolyte layer in which the secondary phase at the interface is suppressed and which has increased density, thereby advantageously providing excellent output characteristics and long-term stability even at an intermediate operating temperature.

Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell including a multi-layered electrolyte layer using a calendering process. The method for manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell is a continuous process, thus providing high productivity and maximizing facility investment and processing costs. In addition, the solid oxide fuel cell manufactured by the method includes an anode that is free of interfacial defects and has a uniform packing structure, thereby advantageously greatly improving the production yield and power density. In addition, the solid oxide fuel cell has excellent interfacial bonding strength between respective layers included therein, and includes a multi-layered electrolyte layer in which the secondary phase at the interface is suppressed and which has increased density, thereby advantageously providing excellent output characteristics and long-term stability even at an intermediate operating temperature.

Disclosed are a method for preparing a ceramic material including a compound of a formula of A.sub.2B.sub.xO.sub.y and a ceramic material prepared by the method. The method includes: mixing a first oxide of AO.sub.m and a second oxide of BO.sub.n to obtain a mixture, ball-milling the mixture until a particle size of the mixture is not greater than 1 μm with a medium selected from a group consisting of ethanol, acetone, deionized water and a combination thereof, to obtain a powder, drying the powder at a temperature in a range of 60 to 80° C., and sintering the powder with a laser irradiation having a laser wavelength of 980 nm, an irradiation power ranging from 50 to 1500 W and an irradiation period of 3 s to 8 min to obtain the ceramic material.

Disclosed are a method for preparing a ceramic material including a compound of a formula of A.sub.2B.sub.xO.sub.y and a ceramic material prepared by the method. The method includes: mixing a first oxide of AO.sub.m and a second oxide of BO.sub.n to obtain a mixture, ball-milling the mixture until a particle size of the mixture is not greater than 1 μm with a medium selected from a group consisting of ethanol, acetone, deionized water and a combination thereof, to obtain a powder, drying the powder at a temperature in a range of 60 to 80° C., and sintering the powder with a laser irradiation having a laser wavelength of 980 nm, an irradiation power ranging from 50 to 1500 W and an irradiation period of 3 s to 8 min to obtain the ceramic material.

The present invention provides a high efficiency prime mover with phase change energy storage for distributed generation and motor vehicle application. Phase change storage minimizes energy required for refrigerant liquefaction while reducing fuel consumption and emissions.

Some embodiments of the present invention provide solid oxide cells and components thereof having a metal oxide electrolyte that exhibits enhanced ionic conductivity. Certain of those embodiments have two materials, at least one of which is a metal oxide, disposed so that at least some interfaces between the domains of the materials orient in a direction substantially parallel to the desired ionic conductivity.