An electrochemical cell and battery system including cells, each cell including a catholyte, an anolyte, and a separator disposed between the catholyte and anolyte and that is permeable to the at least one ionic species (for example, a metal cation or the hydroxide ion). The catholyte solution includes a ferricyanide, permanganate, manganate, sulfur, and/or polysulfide compound, and the anolyte includes a sulfide and/or polysulfide compound. These electrochemical couples may be embodied in various physical architectures, including static (non-flowing) architectures or in flow battery (flowing) architectures.

An electrochemical cell and battery system including cells, each cell including a catholyte, an anolyte, and a separator disposed between the catholyte and anolyte and that is permeable to the at least one ionic species (for example, a metal cation or the hydroxide ion). The catholyte solution includes a ferricyanide, permanganate, manganate, sulfur, and/or polysulfide compound, and the anolyte includes a sulfide and/or polysulfide compound. These electrochemical couples may be embodied in various physical architectures, including static (non-flowing) architectures or in flow battery (flowing) architectures.

The present invention relates to rhomboidal phase bismuth oxide that maintains electric conductivity of at least about 1?10.sup.?2 S/cm at temperature of about 500? C. for at least about 100 hours. In particular, the bismuth oxides of the invention have stable conductivity at a temperature range from about 500? C. to about 550? C.

The present specification provides an inorganic oxide powder and an electrolyte including a sintered body of the same.

The present specification relates to a solid oxide fuel cell and a method for manufacturing the same.

The present specification relates to a solid oxide fuel cell and a method for manufacturing the same.

The compact fuel cell which can efficiently perform heating and can be repeatedly used includes a solid electrolyte, an anode that is formed on one surface of the solid electrolyte, a cathode that is formed on another surface of the solid electrolyte, an anode fuel material, a heating portion for heating and maintaining the solid electrolyte and the anode fuel material at a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined level, and a sealing portion that is installed in the solid electrolyte, forms a sealed space sealing the anode and the anode fuel material together with the solid electrolyte and the heating portion, and can repeatedly open and close, in which a helium leak rate of the sealed space is maintained at 110.sup.2 Pa.Math.m.sup.3/sec or a lower rate.

A solid oxide cell can comprise a nonporous oxide layer, one or more first porous layers, and one or more second porous layers. The nonporous oxide layer can conduct oxygen ions and can operate as a solid electrolyte. The first and second porous layers can be disposed on opposite sides of the nonporous oxide layer. The nonporous oxide layer can have a density greater than that of each of the first and second porous layers. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more first porous layers can be infiltrated with one or more electrocatalytic oxides. Alternatively, in some embodiments, a porous functional layer can be disposed between the nonporous oxide layer and the one or more first porous layers. The porous functional layer can be effective to increase an open circuit voltage of the solid oxide cell.

The present invention relates to a doped cubic bismuth oxide that is phase stable in a temperature range of from about 550 C. to about 700 C. The doped cubic bismuth oxide comprises a mixture of a first dopant and a second dopant.

An electrochemical cell and battery system including cells, each cell including a catholyte, an anolyte, and a separator disposed between the catholyte and anolyte and that is permeable to the at least one ionic species (for example, a metal cation or the hydroxide ion). The catholyte solution includes a ferricyanide, permanganate, manganate, sulfur, and/or polysulfide compound, and the anolyte includes a sulfide and/or polysulfide compound. These electrochemical couples may be embodied in various physical architectures, including static (non-flowing) architectures or in flow battery (flowing) architectures.