A pouch-type secondary battery includes: an electrode assembly in which a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode are laminated; and a pouch configured to accommodate the electrode assembly, wherein the pouch includes: a surface protection layer made of a first polymer and formed at an outermost layer; a sealant layer made of a second polymer and formed at an innermost layer; a gas barrier layer made of a first metal and laminated between the surface protection layer and the sealant layer; and a metal foil layer made of a second metal, laminated between the surface protection layer and the sealant layer, and connected to the negative electrode of the electrode assembly.

A pouch for a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problem includes: a surface protection layer made of a first polymer and formed at the outermost layer; a sealant layer made of a second polymer and formed at the innermost layer; a gas barrier layer made of a metal and stacked between the surface protection layer and the sealant layer; and a heat dissipation layer made of ceramic, stacked between the surface protection layer and the sealant layer, and configured to release heat to the outside of the pouch when a predetermined pressure is applied thereto.

To provide a surface-treated steel sheet for battery containers excellent in workability while maintaining battery characteristics and liquid leakage resistance, and a manufacturing method thereof. A surface-treated steel sheet for battery containers according to the present invention includes a NiCoFe-based diffusion alloy plating layer on at least one surface of a base steel sheet, in which the diffusion alloy plating layer is consisted of a NiFe alloy layer and a NiCoFe alloy layer, which are arranged sequentially from the base steel sheet side, the diffusion alloy plating layer has a Ni coating weight within a range of 3.0 g/m.sup.2 or more and less than 8.74 g/m.sup.2 and a Co coating weight within a range of 0.26 g/m.sup.2 or more and 1.6 g/m.sup.2 or less, with a total of the Ni coating weight and the Co coating weight being less than 9.0 g/m.sup.2, when a surface of the diffusion alloy plating layer is analyzed by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Co: 19.5 to 60%, Fe: 0.5 to 30%, and Co+Fe: 20 to 70% in atom % are satisfied, and a thickness of the NiFe alloy layer is within a range of 0.3 to 1.3 m.

Provided is a battery armoring stainless steel foil which, without the need for a special treatment such as corona discharge, has excellent adhesiveness to resin after being thermally shocked and after being immersed in an electrolyte solution. A battery armoring stainless steel foil (1) includes an oxide film (1a), having a thickness of not less than 2 nm, which contains (i) one or more metallic elements, existing as a hydroxide, in an amount of not less than 35 mol percent and (ii) SiO.sub.2 in an amount of not more than 40 mol percent, the battery armoring stainless steel foil (1) having an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of less than 0.1 m but not less than 0.02 m in a direction orthogonal to a direction in which the battery armoring stainless steel foil (1) has been rolled.

A method for producing a battery includes providing a cup-shaped first housing part having a bottom and a side wall, the bottom and the side wall each having an inside and an outside. The method further includes covering the inside of the bottom of the first housing part with an electrically conductive covering, electrically connecting the electrically conductive covering to the bottom of the first housing part by welding, electrically connecting an electric conductor to the electrically conductive covering by welding, and assembling the first housing part and a second housing part to form a housing of the battery, the housing enclosing an interior space that includes a composite body therein. The composite body includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and the electric conductor. The inside of the bottom and the inside of the side wall of the first housing part face the interior space.

A surface-treated steel sheet, including: a steel sheet; and a nickel-cobalt-iron diffusion layer formed as an outermost surface layer on the steel sheet. When a content of Ni, a content of Co and a content of Fe of the nickel-cobalt-iron diffusion layer are determined based on a Ni intensity, a Co intensity and a Fe intensity each sequentially measured in the depth direction from the surface side of the nickel-cobalt-iron diffusion layer by a radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometry, a content of Co at a specific depth position D, In.sub.Co_D, is 5% by mass or higher and a content of Fe at the specific depth position D, In.sub.Fe_D, is 11% by mass or higher, the specific depth position D being a position where the Ni intensity is 0.5% of the maximum value of the Ni intensity. Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing the surface-treated steel sheet.

The present disclosure provides batteries that have a reduced risk or no risk of esophageal or gastrointestinal damage in a conductive aqueous environment, such as when accidentally swallowed. The batteries are, in some embodiments, nominally 9V, 3V or 1.5V coin or button cell-type batteries.

The present disclosure provides batteries that have a reduced risk or no risk of esophageal or gastrointestinal damage in a conductive aqueous environment, such as when accidentally swallowed. The batteries are, in some embodiments, nominally 9V, 3V or 1.5V coin or button cell-type batteries.

A miniature electrochemical cell having a volume of less than 0.5 cc is described. The cell has a casing of first and second ceramic substrates that are hermetically secured to each other to provide an internal space housing an electrode assembly. First and second conductive pathways extend through the ceramic substrates. The pathways have respective inner surfaces that are conductively connected to the respective anode and cathode current collectors and respective outer surfaces that provide for connection to a load. An electrolyte in the internal space of the housing activates the electrode assembly.

A sealed cell includes a bottomed cylindrical outer casing can. The outer casing can is formed by nickel-plated iron, and a lead connected to one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and the outer casing can, are welded by a welding part formed from the outside surface of the outer casing can toward the lead. The welding part is formed by molten traces and has a first layer and a second layer having a higher nickel concentration than the first layer. The first layer is formed from the lead through to the inside of the outer casing can, the second layer is formed so as to adjoin the first layer on the outside surface side of the outer casing can, and the whole of the first layer is covered with the second layer when the welding part is viewed from the outside of the outer casing can.