An electrochemical cell includes a solid state material that functions as an electrolyte and a separator within the electrode assembly. The solid state material is a mixture of a polymer that is interspersed with an ionically conductive ceramic material.

In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to improved battery separators, high conductance separators, improved lead-acid batteries, such as flooded lead-acid batteries, high conductance batteries, improved systems, and/or, improved vehicles including such batteries, and/or methods of manufacture or use of such separators or batteries, and/or combinations thereof. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to improved lead acid batteries incorporating the improved separators and which exhibit increased conductance. Particular, non-limiting examples may include lead acid battery separators having structure or features designed to improve conductance, lower ER, lower water loss, and the like.

In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to improved battery separators, high conductance separators, improved lead-acid batteries, such as flooded lead-acid batteries, high conductance batteries, improved systems, and/or, improved vehicles including such batteries, and/or methods of manufacture or use of such separators or batteries, and/or combinations thereof. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, the present disclosure or invention is directed to improved lead acid batteries incorporating the improved separators and which exhibit increased conductance. Particular, non-limiting examples may include lead acid battery separators having structure or features designed to improve conductance, lower ER, lower water loss, and the like.

Disclosed in at least one embodiment herein is a battery separator comprising a substrate that may be polymeric and porous. The substrate may have ribs, protrusions, or ribs and protrusions on one or both faces or surfaces thereof. On at least one surface or face of the substrate, a material layer may be formed. The material layer may contain a material with an oil absorption value equal to or greater than 15 g oil/100 g of material. The battery separator disclosed herein is useful in a lead acid battery, particularly in a flooded lead acid battery or a valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery. The battery separator described herein has many benefits including helping mitigate or prevent issues such as acid stratification and others that may deteriorate battery performance or battery life.

Disclosed in at least one embodiment herein is a battery separator comprising a substrate that may be polymeric and porous. The substrate may have ribs, protrusions, or ribs and protrusions on one or both faces or surfaces thereof. On at least one surface or face of the substrate, a material layer may be formed. The material layer may contain a material with an oil absorption value equal to or greater than 15 g oil/100 g of material. The battery separator disclosed herein is useful in a lead acid battery, particularly in a flooded lead acid battery or a valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery. The battery separator described herein has many benefits including helping mitigate or prevent issues such as acid stratification and others that may deteriorate battery performance or battery life.

A negative electrode comprises a negative electrode collector, a first negative electrode mixture layer that is provided on the surface of the negative electrode collector, and a second negative electrode mixture layer that faces the positive electrode; the first negative electrode mixture layer and the second negative electrode mixture layer contain graphite particles; the ratio of the void fraction (S2) among the graphite particles in the second negative electrode mixture layer to the void fraction (S1) among the graphite particles in the first negative electrode mixture layer, namely S2/S1 is from 1.1 to 2.0; the ratio of the packing density (D2) of the second negative electrode mixture layer to the packing density (D1) of the first negative electrode mixture layer, namely D2/D1 is from 0.9 to 1.1; and the separator has a thickness of 10 μm or less, while having a porosity of from 25% to 45%.

A separator, a lithium-ion cell including the separator, and an electric apparatus including the lithium-ion cell. The separator includes a separator substrate and a coating layer disposed on the separator substrate, and the separator is adhered to an adjacent first electrode plate or second electrode plate through the coating layer. The coating layer is configured to decrease a peel force between the separator and an external component when a temperature is higher than a preset threshold or to be capable of chemically reacting with an acidic substance. When the temperature is higher than a threshold, the peel force between the separator and an adjacent electrode plate is decreased. To be specific, such lithium-ion cell can improve a current situation that the peel force between the separator and the electrode plate remains relatively great when the temperature of the cell is higher than a threshold.

A separator, a lithium-ion cell including the separator, and an electric apparatus including the lithium-ion cell. The separator includes a separator substrate and a coating layer disposed on the separator substrate, and the separator is adhered to an adjacent first electrode plate or second electrode plate through the coating layer. The coating layer is configured to decrease a peel force between the separator and an external component when a temperature is higher than a preset threshold or to be capable of chemically reacting with an acidic substance. When the temperature is higher than a threshold, the peel force between the separator and an adjacent electrode plate is decreased. To be specific, such lithium-ion cell can improve a current situation that the peel force between the separator and the electrode plate remains relatively great when the temperature of the cell is higher than a threshold.

A lithium battery includes a wound core and tabs, in which the wound core is formed by stacking and winding an inner separator, a first electrode sheet, an outer separator, and a second electrode sheet; the inner separator is located at the innermost layer of the wound core, and each of the inner separator and the outer separator has a clamping section, a first straight section, and a tail laminating section, where the first straight section is located in front of the first electrode sheet, and the clamping section, the first straight section and the tail laminating section of the inner separator are respectively laminated with the clamping section, the first straight section and the tail laminating section of the outer separator; and a dry peeling force of each of the first straight sections of the inner separator and the outer separator is less than 8 N/m.

An exemplary lithium-ion battery may include an anode, a cathode, and a separator between the anode and cathode. The separator may be at least partially coated with a sub-nanometer porous membrane. The battery may be a conventional battery in which the anode and cathode are at least partially submerged in an electrolytic solution. Alternatively, the battery may be a solid-state battery disposed between the anode and cathode and having a solid-state electrolyte, which may serve as the separator.