A lithium battery includes a cathode including a cathode active material; an anode including an anode active material; and an organic electrolytic solution between the cathode and the anode, wherein the cathode active material includes a first lithium transition metal oxide and a second lithium transition metal oxide, the first lithium transition metal oxide and the second lithium transition metal oxide have different particle diameters, the second lithium transition metal oxide includes primary particles having a particle diameter of about 1 μm or more, and the organic electrolytic solution includes a first lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a bicyclic sulfate-based compound represented by Formula 1 below:

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Disclosed is a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing a lithium electrolyte, methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropionate, and a phosphazene compound. Preferably, the phosphazene compound is a cyclic phosphazene compound represented by the disclosed general formula (I).

Separator systems for electrochemical systems providing electronic, mechanical and chemical properties useful for applications including electrochemical storage and conversion. Separator systems include structural, physical and electrostatic attributes useful for managing and controlling dendrite formation and for improving the cycle life and rate capability of electrochemical cells including silicon anode based batteries, air cathode based batteries, redox flow batteries, solid electrolyte based systems, fuel cells, flow batteries and semisolid batteries. Separators include multilayer, porous geometries supporting excellent ion transport properties, providing a barrier to prevent dendrite initiated mechanical failure, shorting or thermal runaway, or providing improved electrode conductivity and improved electric field uniformity, as well as composite solid electrolytes with supporting mesh or fiber systems providing solid electrolyte hardness and safety with supporting mesh or fiber toughness and long life required for thin solid electrolytes without fabrication pinholes or operationally created cracks.

An electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery including a first solvent containing a heterocyclic compound having at least one double bond and any one of an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom; a second solvent containing at least one of an ether-containing compound that does not contain fluorine, an ester-containing compound, an amide-containing compound, and a carbonate-containing compound; a third solvent containing a hydrofluoro ether-containing compound; a lithium salt; lanthanum nitrate; and lithium nitrate.

To provide a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, a non-aqueous secondary battery, a cell pack, and a hybrid power system, capable of improving desired battery performance using acetonitrile, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains acetonitrile, lithium salt, and cyclic acid anhydride.

An electrolyte solution containing at least one selected from a compound represented by the following formula (1-1) (wherein Rf.sup.111s are the same as or different from each other and are each a C2-C4 fluorinated alkenyl group), a compound represented by the following formula (1-2) (wherein R.sup.121 is a C1-C4 alkyl group; and Rf.sup.121 is a C2-C4 fluorinated alkenyl group), and a compound represented by the following formula (1-3) (wherein Rf.sup.131 is a C1-C3 fluorinated alkyl group; and R.sup.131 is a C6-C12 aryl group): ##STR00001##

An electrolyte for a lithium metal secondary battery is provided. The electrolyte comprises a lithium salt and a non-aqueous solvent and provides improved lifespan characteristics and high rate charging performance when applied to a secondary battery including a lithium metal as a negative electrode active material due to fewer side reactions and excellent stability of the electrolyte.

The present disclosure discloses a quick battery charging system including a lithium secondary battery having a negative electrode porosity of 25 to 35% and a negative electrode loading amount of x.sub.0. The system includes a storage unit which stores a lookup table for mapping first coefficient information of an upper bound condition associated with a C-rate of a charge current represented by a quadratic function and information associated with the negative electrode loading amount (x.sub.0). The system includes a charging control apparatus which reads the information associated with the negative electrode loading amount (x.sub.0) from the storage unit, determines the first coefficient information of the quadratic function representing the upper bound condition from the lookup table, determines the C-rate range of the charge current using the first coefficient information, and supplies the charge current satisfying the determined C-rate range to the lithium secondary battery.

Provided are an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using a positive electrode including nickel, where the battery generates a small amount of gas during a durability test even if the cell potential reaches 4.1 V or more, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the electrolyte. In the electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery including a positive electrode including at least one selected from the group consisting of oxides containing nickel and phosphates containing nickel as a positive electrode active material, the electrolyte comprises (I) a non-aqueous organic solvent, (II) a fluorine-containing solute being an ionic salt, (III) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulae (1) and (2), and (IV) hydrogen fluoride in an amount of 5 mass ppm or more and less than 200 mass ppm based on the total amount of the components (I), (II), and (III). ##STR00001##

An electrochemical cell is disclosed comprising a carbonate:nitrile type solvent mixture based electrolyte. The electrolyte may comprise an alkali salt and/or at least one polymer additive. The alkali salt cation may be a lithium cation and/or the alkali salt anion may comprise an oxalato-borate group. The electrolyte may further comprise one or more electrolyte additives, which may be an SEI improving additive. The anode may comprise carbon. The anode may be an alkali metal anode. The operating voltage and energy density performance of the disclosed invention is at the same level as the performance of presently market—leading battery cells, thereby these disclosed improvements do not come at the expense of battery performance. The utility of the herein disclosed battery electrolyte allows stable cycling of advanced Li-ion battery electrodes, an extended operating temperature range and improves battery safety by making the electrolyte less reactive and volatile than conventional LiPF6 electrolyte salt in carbonate solvents.