Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell including a multi-layered electrolyte layer using a calendering process. The method for manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell is a continuous process, thus providing high productivity and maximizing facility investment and processing costs. In addition, the solid oxide fuel cell manufactured by the method includes an anode that is free of interfacial defects and has a uniform packing structure, thereby advantageously greatly improving the production yield and power density. In addition, the solid oxide fuel cell has excellent interfacial bonding strength between respective layers included therein, and includes a multi-layered electrolyte layer in which the secondary phase at the interface is suppressed and which has increased density, thereby advantageously providing excellent output characteristics and long-term stability even at an intermediate operating temperature.

The present invention relates to compositions in the form of precursor glass powders, pastes and preforms comprising said precursor glass powders, and glass-ceramics produced from the precursor glass powders, pastes or preforms. The present invention also relates to a method of forming a seal between a first and second material with a glass-ceramic, and a joint comprising a first material, a second material and a glass-ceramic sealing material joining the first and second materials together.

Provided is a proton conductor that achieves an improvement in transport number while suppressing a decrease in conductivity. The proton conductor contains a metal oxide having a perovskite structure and represented by formula (1): A.sub.aB.sub.1-x-yB′.sub.xM.sub.yO.sub.3-δ (1), wherein an element A is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, and Ca, an element B is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr and Ce, an element B′ is Hf, an element M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Yb, Er, Ho, Tm, Gd, In, and Sc, δ is an oxygen deficiency amount, and “a”, “x”, and “y” satisfy 0.9≤a≤1.0, 0.1≤y≤0.2, and 0<x(1−y)≤0.2.

An electrolyte sheet for solid oxide fuel cells that includes a ceramic plate body having a thickness of 200 μm or less, and defining at least one through hole penetrating the ceramic plate body in a thickness direction thereof, and wherein with a minimum value and a maximum value among radii of the at least one through hole being defined as R min and R max, respectively, the at least one through hole has a ratio R min/R max of 0.99 to 1.00 in a plan view from the thickness direction.

An electrolyte sheet for solid oxide fuel cells includes a ceramic plate body having rounded corners in a plan view from a thickness direction of the ceramic plate body, the ceramic plate body having a thickness of 200 μm or less, and each of the rounded corners having a ratio Dmax/Dmin of 1.0 to 1.1, wherein Dmax and Dmin respectively represent maximum and minimum values between distances D from an intersection of extension lines of two sides of the ceramic plate body adjacent to a respective corner to starting points of the respective extension lines in the plan view.

A fuel cell includes: an electrolyte layer; a base electrode formed on one side of the electrolyte layer; and a catalyst electrode formed on the other side of the electrolyte layer to be apart from the base electrode with the electrolyte layer interposed therebetween. The catalyst electrode includes: a first electrode portion that covers a part of the electrolyte layer; and a second electrode portion that covers a part of a surface of the first electrode portion to form an electrode portion interface in contact with the first electrode portion.

A solid conductor including: a compound represented by Formula 1, a compound represented by Formula 2, or a combination thereof
Li.sub.1+x+y−zTa.sub.2−xM.sub.xP.sub.1−yQ.sub.yO.sub.8−zX.sub.z  Formula 1
wherein, in Formula 1, M is an element having an oxidation number of +4, Q is an element having an oxidation number of +4, X is a halogen, a pseudohalogen, or a combination thereof, and 0≤x≤2, 0≤y<1, and 0≤z≤2, except that cases i) x and y and z are simultaneously 0, ii) M is Hf, X is F, x is 1, y is 0, and z is 1, iii) M is Hf, X is Cl, x is 2, y is 0, and z is 2, and iv) M is Hf, X is F, x is 2, y is 0, and z is 2,
Li.sub.1+x+y−zTa.sub.2−xM.sub.xP.sub.1−yQ.sub.yO.sub.8.Math.zLiX  Formula 2
wherein, in Formula 2, M is an element having an oxidation number of +4, Q is an element having an oxidation number of +4, X is a halogen, a pseudohalogen, or a combination thereof, and 0≤x≤2, 0≤y<1, and 0≤z2, except that cases i) x and y and z are simultaneously 0, ii) M is Hf, X is F, x is 1, y is 0, and z is 1, iii) M is Hf, X is Cl, x is 2, y is 0, and z is 2, and iv) M is Hf, X is F, x is 2, y is 0, and z is 2.

A fuel cell stack assembly and method of operating the same are provided. The assembly includes a fuel cell stack column and side baffles disposed on opposing sides of the column. The side baffles and the fuel cell stack may have substantially the same coefficient of thermal expansion at room temperature. The side baffles may have a laminate structure in which one or more channels are formed.

Provided is room temperature stable δ-phase Bi.sub.2O.sub.3. Ion conductive compositions comprise at least 95 wt % δ-phase Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, and, at 25° C., the compositions are stable and have a conductivity of at least 10.sup.−7 S/cm. Related methods, electrochemical cells, and devices are also disclosed.

Provided are an electrochemical element and the like that have both durability and high performance as well as excellent reliability. The electrochemical element includes a metal support, and an electrode layer formed on/over the metal support. The metal support is made of any one of a Fe—Cr based alloy that contains Ti in an amount of 0.15 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less, a Fe—Cr based alloy that contains Zr in an amount of 0.15 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less, and a Fe—Cr based alloy that contains Ti and Zr, a total content of Ti and Zr being 0.15 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less.