A structure can include a first element and a carrier bonded to the first element along an interface. A waveguide can be defined at least in part along the interface between the first element and the carrier. The waveguide can comprise an effectively closed metallic channel and a dielectric material within the effectively closed metallic channel, as viewed from a side cross-section of the structure. Various millimeter-wave or sub-terahertz components or circuit structures can also be created based on the waveguide structures disclosed herein.

In one aspect, a unit cell of a phased array antenna includes a metal plate having a hole, a first side and a second side opposite the first side, a first plurality of laminate layers disposed on the first side, a second plurality of layers disposed on the second side of the metal plate, a radiator disposed in the first plurality of layer on the first side, a feed circuit disposed in the second plurality of laminate layers on the second side and configured to provide excitation signals to the radiator and a first plurality of vias extending through the hole connecting the feed circuit to the radiator.

Radio-frequency devices that include metamaterial structures are provided. Inclusion of resonator sections in a structure enables the utilization of desirable line segment widths without sacrificing performance, and further enables a reduction in the amount of space or area taken up by such devices on a printed circuit board.

Provided is a microwave filter system having a feedback structure. The microwave filter system may include an input hybrid coupler configured to output first output signals having a phase difference with respect to an input signal; filters disposed to be in parallel with an output end of the input hybrid coupler, and configured to filter the first output signals; and an output hybrid coupler configured to output second output signals having a phase difference with respect to each of signals filtered through the filters. An output signal of the output hybrid coupler is applied to an input end of the input hybrid coupler along a feedback path.

The present invention relates to a 33 Butler matrix, comprising a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a third directional coupler, a first fixed phase shifter, a second fixed phase shifter and a third fixed phase shifter; and also relates to a 56 Butler matrix, comprising a first 33 Butler matrix, a second 33 Butler matrix, a fourth directional coupler, a fifth directional coupler, a power divider, a fourth fixed phase shifter and a fifth fixed phase shifter. The 33 Butler matrix and the 56 Butler matrix provided in the present invention have the features of small size, wide frequency band, low loss, high isolation and stable performance, fill the blank of specific technical schemes about the 33 Butler matrix and the 56 Butler matrix in the prior art, and have broad application prospects and great value.

A power combiner includes a 90 degree hybrid circuit including first to fourth transmission lines, and first to fourth ports. The first transmission line, the second transmission line, the third transmission line and the fourth transmission line are connected to each other in this order to form a ring shape. The first port is connected at a connection portion between the first transmission line and the second transmission line; the second port is connected at a connection portion between the second transmission line and the third transmission line; the third port is connected at a connection portion between the third transmission line and the fourth transmission line; and the fourth port is connected at a connection portion between the fourth transmission line and the first transmission line. The 90 degree hybrid circuit has a thickness of 0.4 mm or greater.

Electrical devices having variable electrical properties. The variable electrical characteristics or operation of the devices are based on the potential applied to a variable-dielectric constant sector associated with the device. The electronic devices or component may include bends, power splitters, filters, ports, phase shifters, frequency shifters, attenuators, couplers, capacitors, inductors, diplexers, hybrids of beam forming networks.

A branch-line coupler suitable for use in mobile devices includes a first, second, third, and fourth ports, respectively acting as input, transmitted, coupled, and isolated port. A first, second, third, and fourth connection parts are connected to the ports and transmission lines. First and second bent transmission lines are electrically connected between first and second ports. Third and fourth bent transmission lines are electrically connected between third and fourth ports. A first long strip transmission line is electrically connected between the first port and the fourth port. A second long strip transmission line is electrically connected between the second port and the third port. The branch-line coupler occupies a small area and has high performance.

RF circuitry, which includes a first hybrid RF coupler, a second hybrid RF coupler, a third hybrid RF coupler, and RF filter circuitry, is disclosed. The first hybrid RF coupler provides a first main port, a first pair of quadrature ports, and an isolation port. The second hybrid RF coupler provides a second main port and a second pair of quadrature ports. The third hybrid RF coupler provides a third main port and a third pair of quadrature ports. RF filter circuitry is coupled to the first pair of quadrature ports, the second pair of quadrature ports, and the third pair of quadrature ports. The first main port, the second main port, and the third main port provide main ports of the RF triplexer. The isolation port is a common port of the RF triplexer for coupling to an RF antenna.

A branch-line coupler suitable for use in mobile devices includes a first, second, third, and fourth ports, respectively acting as input, transmitted, coupled, and isolated port. A first, second, third, and fourth connection parts are connected to the ports and transmission lines. First and second bent transmission lines are electrically connected between first and second ports. Third and fourth bent transmission lines are electrically connected between third and fourth ports. A first long strip transmission line is electrically connected between the first port and the fourth port. A second long strip transmission line is electrically connected between the second port and the third port. The branch-line coupler occupies a small area and has high performance.