Use of a Near Ultra-low Energy Field (NULEF) communications as a non-radiating means of gaining entry to a car when the car owner is near the car or touching the car body avoids the use of problematic radio signals that may be intercepted by thieves. In addition, a NULEF communications system may be used as a high bandwidth in-car communication system using either NULEF-E or NULEF-H.

Disclosed is an automotive array antenna according to an embodiment. The automotive array antenna includes: a first substrate; a plurality of second substrates vertically arranged on one surface of the first substrate and spaced apart at predetermined intervals; and loop antennas formed on surfaces on one side, respectively, of the plurality of second substrates, wherein the surfaces on one side, respectively, of the plurality of second substrates are arranged in the same direction.

Apparatus and systems are disclosed and include a body having a plurality of slots. Each of the plurality of slots includes a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion. The first portion is located on a first surface of the body. The second portion is located on a second surface of the body and forms a helical shape. The third portion is located on a third surface of the body. The first surface and the second surface are non-parallel. The third surface and the second surface are non-parallel. The apparatus includes a plurality of antenna elements that are disposed in a respective one of the plurality of slots. The plurality of antenna elements is configured to receive radio frequency (RF) signals. The apparatus includes a ground plane that is coupled to a first end of each of the plurality of antenna elements.

A positioning system executes wireless communication with a portable terminal by adopting a radio wave of 1 GHz or higher to determine a position of the portable terminal relative to a vehicle. The positioning system includes a vehicle exterior communication device and a positioning device. The positioning device determines whether the portable terminal exists at an exterior operating area being a region outside a vehicle compartment within a predetermined operating distance from the vehicle, based on a reception status of the wireless signal received by the vehicle exterior communication device from the portable terminal in a first mode of the vehicle exterior communication device, and determines whether the portable terminal exists inside the vehicle compartment, based on the reception status of the wireless signal received by the vehicle exterior communication device from the portable terminal in a second mode of the vehicle exterior communication device.

A positioning system executes wireless communication with a portable terminal by adopting a radio wave of 1 GHz or higher to determine a position of the portable terminal relative to a vehicle. The positioning system includes a vehicle exterior communication device and a positioning device. The vehicle exterior communication device is disposed at an outer surface portion at least one of a side surface portion or a rear side surface portion of the vehicle, and includes an antenna receiving a wireless signal transmitted from the portable terminal. The positioning device determines whether or not the portable terminal exists at an exterior operating area being a region outside a vehicle compartment within a predetermined operating distance from the vehicle, based on a reception status of the wireless signal received by the vehicle exterior communication device from the portable terminal. The antenna radiates a main polarized wave and a cross-polarized wave.

A method and system of creating microlocation zones by defining virtual boundaries using a system of one or more transmitters and receivers with one or more spatially-correlated antennas.

Methods and systems are disclosed and include receiving a signal via a first communication channel at a plurality of azimuth angles. The method includes determining a plurality of first communication channel phase angle differences between a pair of antennas. The method includes receiving a second signal via a second communication channel and at the plurality of azimuth angles. The method includes determining a plurality of second communication channel phase angle differences between the pair of antennas that each correspond to one of the plurality of azimuth angles. The method includes generating a first reference curve based on the plurality of first communication channel phase angle differences. The method includes generating a second reference curve based on the plurality of second communication channel phase angle differences. The method also includes generating a calibration curve that is based on an interpolation of the first reference curve and the second reference curve.

The present disclosure relates to an antenna return loss compensation apparatus and method of a radar and a radar apparatus using the same. The antenna return loss compensation apparatus may include a compensation information calculator configured to calculate return loss compensation information for compensating for a frequency-band based antenna return loss, and a return loss compensator configured to apply return loss compensation information to a reception signal that is reflected from an object and is received, so as to generate a final reception signal, may calculate and store, in advance, compensation information for a return loss occurring in the antenna, may perform compensation associated with the magnitude of a reception signal when measurement is performed using the radar, so that the reception signal has the same magnitude, whereby a radar's performance deterioration attributable to the return loss of the antenna may be minimized.

The invention relates to a method (100) for securing a communication between a mobile communication apparatus (10) and a vehicle (5), in particular for authentication at a passive access system of the vehicle (5), wherein the vehicle (5) comprises at least one radio unit (20).

An antenna segment and a multi segment antenna are disclosed. In an embodiment an antenna segment includes a coil carrier comprising a first end section and a second end section, a wire coil arranged around the coil carrier and a magnetic core arranged in the coil carrier, wherein the magnetic core and the wire coil are arranged such that in the first end section the magnetic core and the coil carrier extend beyond the wire coil and in the second end section the coil carrier and the wire coil extend beyond the magnetic core.