A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) includes a semiconductor substrate, a first reflector, a second reflector, a first electrical contact, a second electrical contact, and a through-hole via. The first reflector is disposed on a first side of the semiconductor substrate and the second reflector is disposed between the first reflector and an emission side of the VCSEL. The first and second electrical contacts are disposed on a second side of the semiconductor substrate, opposite the first side, for mounting the VCSEL to a transparent substrate. The through-hole via electrically connects the second electrical contact to the second reflector.

Provided are a structured light projector that generates and projects structured light, and an electronic apparatus including the structured light projector. The structured light projector includes an illuminator configured to emit light, a pattern mask configured to form structured light by partially transmitting and partially blocking incident light from the illuminator based on a pattern of the pattern mask, and a lens configured to project the structured light. The illuminator includes a plurality of illumination areas respectively facing a plurality of areas of the pattern mask, wherein intensities of lights respectively emitted by the plurality of illumination areas are different from one other.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) device that includes a microlens arranged over a reflector stack. The reflector stack comprises alternating reflector layers of a first material and a second material. The microlens stack includes a first lens layer, a second lens layer arranged over the first lens layer, and a third lens layer arranged over the second lens layer. The first lens layer comprises a first average concentration of a first element and has a first width. The second lens layer comprises a second average concentration of the first element greater than the first average concentration and has a second width smaller than the first width. The third lens layer comprises a third average concentration of the first element greater than the second average concentration and has a third width smaller than the second width.

VCSEL-based flood illuminators are fabricated to be compact and surface-mounted devices. A substrate is constructed as a panel array having top and bottom electrodes. Individual ones of the VCSEL dies are mounted in electrical communication with pairs of the top electrodes. The VCSEL dies are encased in an encasement disposed on the top surface of the substrate, and a diffuser structure is nano-imprinted adjacent each of the VCSEL dies. The encasement can use a potting resin and a polymer layer. The potting resin encases the VCSEL dies. The polymer layer is softer and is disposed on the potting resin. Nanoimprint lithography forms the diffuser structures in the polymer layer. The panel array is then singulated to form the individual VCSEL-based flood illuminators.

Disclosed herein are various embodiments for high performance wireless data transfers. In an example embodiment, laser chips are used to support the data transfers using laser signals that encode the data to be transferred. The laser chip can be configured to (1) receive a digital signal and (2) responsive to the received digital signal, generate and emit a variable laser signal, wherein the laser chip comprises a laser-emitting epitaxial structure, wherein the laser-emitting epitaxial structure comprises a plurality of laser-emitting regions within a single mesa structure that generate the variable laser signal. Also disclosed are a number of embodiments for a photonics receiver that can receive and digitize the laser signals produced by the laser chips. Such technology can be used to wireless transfer large data sets such as lidar point clouds at high data rates.

Disclosed herein are various embodiments for stronger and more powerful high speed laser arrays. For example, an apparatus is disclosed that comprises an epitaxial material comprising a mesa structure in combination with an electrical waveguide, wherein the mesa structure comprises a plurality of laser regions within the mesa structure itself, each laser region of the mesa structure being electrically isolated within the mesa structure itself relative to the other laser regions of the mesa structure.

This disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for sorting target particles. In various embodiments, the disclosure provides a cassette for sorting target particles, methods for sorting target particles, methods of loading a microchannel for maintaining sample material viability, methods of quantifying sample material, and an optical apparatus for laser scanning and particle sorting.

A surface-emitting laser array includes a plurality of surface-emitting laser elements, a plurality of optical elements, and a light shielding member. The plurality of surface-emitting laser elements are arranged on a first surface of a substrate and configured to emit light in a direction crossing the first surface. The plurality of optical elements are arranged on a second surface opposite to the first surface of the substrate to correspond to the surface-emitting laser elements and configured to change a radiation angle of the light. The light shielding member is arranged in a region between the optical elements on the second surface of the substrate.

An optical emitter device includes a plurality of emitters on a first substrate, and one or more alignment patterns on the first substrate and positioned relative to the plurality of emitters. At least one optical element is arranged to receive respective light emissions from the plurality of emitters, and is oriented based on the one or more alignment patterns, such that the at least one optical element and the plurality of emitters are self-aligned. Related devices and fabrication methods are also discussed.

A light-emitting device includes a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, the resonant cavity of which is transverse multimode supporting transverse modes having rotational symmetry of order two about a main optical axis, and an index-contrast grating including a plurality of pads. The pads include: a central pad, a plurality of peripheral pads, which are periodically arranged along one or more lines that are concentric with respect to the central pad, and which are arranged so that the grating has, with respect to the main optical axis, a rotational symmetry of uneven order higher than or equal to three.