A power supply with lightning protection includes a surge voltage suppression apparatus, an electromagnetic interference control circuit, a surge current bypass apparatus, an active bridge rectifier circuit, a power factor correction circuit, and a DC-to-DC conversion circuit. The surge voltage suppression apparatus is used to increase a tolerance of a surge voltage for the power supply. The electromagnetic interference control circuit is coupled to the surge voltage suppression apparatus. The surge current bypass apparatus is used to increase a tolerance of a surge current for the power supply. The active bridge rectifier circuit is used to rectify an input voltage. The power factor correction circuit is used to adjust the rectified input voltage to provide an adjusted input voltage on a bulk capacitor. The DC-to-DC conversion circuit is used to convert the adjusted input voltage into a DC output voltage.

An adapter device, including an AC connection including first AC contact and second AC contact; a DC connection including first DC contact and second DC contact; a first bridge branch including first switching device and second switching device, the first switching device and second switching device connected in series at a first bridge point, the first bridge point connected to first AC contact; a second bridge branch including third switching device and fourth switching device, third switching device and fourth switching device connected in series at a second bridge point, the second bridge point connected to second AC contact; and mode-setting device configured to predetermine a direction of power flow between AC connection and/or DC connection, first bridge branch and second bridge branch connected in parallel to the first DC contact and second DC contact, and different types of switching devices used as switching devices of a bridge branch.

An adapter device, including an AC connection including first AC contact and second AC contact; a DC connection including first DC contact and second DC contact; a first bridge branch including first switching device and second switching device, the first switching device and second switching device connected in series at a first bridge point, the first bridge point connected to first AC contact; a second bridge branch including third switching device and fourth switching device, third switching device and fourth switching device connected in series at a second bridge point, the second bridge point connected to second AC contact; and mode-setting device configured to predetermine a direction of power flow between AC connection and/or DC connection, first bridge branch and second bridge branch connected in parallel to the first DC contact and second DC contact, and different types of switching devices used as switching devices of a bridge branch.

Controller and method for a power converter. For example, a controller for a power converter includes: a first terminal configured to receive a first terminal voltage; a second terminal configured to receive a second terminal voltage; a comparator configured to receive a first threshold voltage and the second terminal voltage and to generate a comparison signal based at least in part on the first threshold voltage and the second terminal voltage; and a switch configured to receive the first terminal voltage and the comparison signal, the switch being further configured to be closed to allow a current to flow out of the second terminal through the switch if the comparison signal is at a first logic level; wherein the comparator is further configured to: receive a first reference voltage as the first threshold voltage if the first terminal voltage is smaller than a second threshold voltage.

Controller and method for a power converter. For example, a controller for a power converter includes: a first terminal configured to receive a first terminal voltage; a second terminal configured to receive a second terminal voltage; a comparator configured to receive a first threshold voltage and the second terminal voltage and to generate a comparison signal based at least in part on the first threshold voltage and the second terminal voltage; and a switch configured to receive the first terminal voltage and the comparison signal, the switch being further configured to be closed to allow a current to flow out of the second terminal through the switch if the comparison signal is at a first logic level; wherein the comparator is further configured to: receive a first reference voltage as the first threshold voltage if the first terminal voltage is smaller than a second threshold voltage.

There is provided an AC-DC converter circuit (100) for high power charging of an electrical battery. The circuit comprises an input rectifier comprising a first node and a second node. The input rectifier (110) is configured to receive an AC voltage at the first node (112) and provide a rectified voltage at the second node (114). The circuit further comprises a first transistor (120), comprising a first gate node (122), a first source node (124), and a first drain node (126). The first drain node is connected to the second node of the input rectifier. The first gate node is connected to a ground node (170). The circuit further comprises a second transistor (130), comprising a second gate node (132), a second source node (134), and a second drain node (136). The second drain node is connected to the first source node. The second transistor materially corresponds to the first transistor. The circuit further comprises a duty cycle control unit (140) connected to the second gate node for providing the second transistor with a switching waveform. The circuit further comprises an output rectifier (150) connected to the second source node or the first source node. The circuit further comprises an output electronic filter (160) connected to the second source node or an output node (151) of the output rectifier. An AC-DC converter device, a method for charging an electrical battery, and a regenerative braking system is also provided.

There is provided an AC-DC converter circuit (100) for high power charging of an electrical battery. The circuit comprises an input rectifier comprising a first node and a second node. The input rectifier (110) is configured to receive an AC voltage at the first node (112) and provide a rectified voltage at the second node (114). The circuit further comprises a first transistor (120), comprising a first gate node (122), a first source node (124), and a first drain node (126). The first drain node is connected to the second node of the input rectifier. The first gate node is connected to a ground node (170). The circuit further comprises a second transistor (130), comprising a second gate node (132), a second source node (134), and a second drain node (136). The second drain node is connected to the first source node. The second transistor materially corresponds to the first transistor. The circuit further comprises a duty cycle control unit (140) connected to the second gate node for providing the second transistor with a switching waveform. The circuit further comprises an output rectifier (150) connected to the second source node or the first source node. The circuit further comprises an output electronic filter (160) connected to the second source node or an output node (151) of the output rectifier. An AC-DC converter device, a method for charging an electrical battery, and a regenerative braking system is also provided.

An uninterruptible power supply apparatus includes: an electromagnetic contactor including a first terminal that receives a first AC voltage supplied from an AC power supply and a second terminal connected to an AC node; a capacitor that is connected to a DC line and stores DC power; a converter that transmits and receives electric power between the AC node and the DC line; and a controller. In an activation mode, the controller turns on the electromagnetic contactor after controlling the converter such that a frequency and a phase of a second AC voltage supplied from the converter to the AC node match a frequency and a phase of the first AC voltage. In a normal operation mode after the activation mode, the controller controls the converter such that a DC voltage of the DC node attains to a reference voltage.

An uninterruptible power supply apparatus includes: an electromagnetic contactor including a first terminal that receives a first AC voltage supplied from an AC power supply and a second terminal connected to an AC node; a capacitor that is connected to a DC line and stores DC power; a converter that transmits and receives electric power between the AC node and the DC line; and a controller. In an activation mode, the controller turns on the electromagnetic contactor after controlling the converter such that a frequency and a phase of a second AC voltage supplied from the converter to the AC node match a frequency and a phase of the first AC voltage. In a normal operation mode after the activation mode, the controller controls the converter such that a DC voltage of the DC node attains to a reference voltage.

A power converter can include a first line, a second line, a capacitor line disposed between the first line and the second line, a first capacitor and a second capacitor connected to the capacitor line in series between the first line and the second line, a midpoint line connected to a midpoint between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and a protection circuit disposed between the first capacitor and the second capacitor and configured to provide protection to one or more portions of the power converter.