A piezoelectric thin film (PTF) is located above a carrier substrate. The PTF may be Z-cut LiNbO.sub.3 thin film adapted to propagate an acoustic wave in at least one of a first mode excited by an electric field oriented in a longitudinal direction along a length of the PTF or a second mode excited by the electric field oriented at least partially in a thickness direction of the PTF. A first interdigitated transducer (IDT) is disposed on a first end of the PTF. The first IDT is to convert a first electromagnetic signal, traveling in the longitudinal direction, into the acoustic wave. A second IDT is disposed on a second end of the PTF with a gap between the second IDT and the first IDT. The second IDT is to convert the acoustic wave into a second electromagnetic signal, and the gap determines a time delay of the acoustic wave.

A piezoelectric thin film (PTF) is located above a carrier substrate. The PTF can be an aluminum nitride thin film adapted to propagate an acoustic wave in at least one of a first mode excited by an electric field oriented at least partially in a longitudinal direction along a length of the PTF or a second mode excited by the electric field oriented in a thickness direction of the PTF. A first interdigitated transducer (IDT) is disposed on a first end of the PTF and converts a first electromagnetic signal, traveling in the longitudinal direction, into the acoustic wave. A second IDT is disposed on a second end of the PTF with a gap between the second IDT and the first IDT. The second IDT is to convert the acoustic wave into a second electromagnetic signal, and the gap determines a time delay of the acoustic wave.

A piezoelectric thin film (PTF) is located above a carrier substrate. The PTF may be X-cut LiNbO.sub.3 thin film adapted to propagate an acoustic wave in at least one of a first mode excited by an electric field oriented in a longitudinal direction along a length of the PTF or a second mode excited by the electric field oriented at least partially in a thickness direction of the PTF. A first interdigitated transducer (IDT) is disposed on a first end of the PTF. The first IDT is to convert a first electromagnetic signal, traveling in the longitudinal direction, into the acoustic wave. A second IDT is disposed on a second end of the PTF with a gap between the second IDT and the first IDT. The second IDT is to convert the acoustic wave into a second electromagnetic signal.

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) device is disclosed. The SAW device includes a piezoelectric layer and a transducer having a plurality of electrodes. The electrodes are aligned with respective longitudinal axes parallel to each other and perpendicular to a wave propagation direction. Each electrode includes a conductive first layer having a first thickness and a first width in the wave propagation direction; and a conductive second layer having a second thickness that is negligible compared to the first thickness. The first layer and second layer are in electrical contact with each other to provide electrical conduction over a total width of the electrode in the wave propagation direction, the total width being greater than the first width of the first layer.

A piezoelectric thin film (PTF) is located above a carrier substrate. The PTF may be X-cut LiNbO.sub.3 thin film adapted to propagate an acoustic wave in at least one of a first mode excited by an electric field oriented in a longitudinal direction along a length of the PTF or a second mode excited by the electric field oriented at least partially in a thickness direction of the PTF. A first interdigitated transducer (IDT) is disposed on a first end of the PTF. The first IDT is to convert a first electromagnetic signal, traveling in the longitudinal direction, into the acoustic wave. A second IDT is disposed on a second end of the PTF with a gap between the second IDT and the first IDT. The second IDT is to convert the acoustic wave into a second electromagnetic signal.

A non-reciprocal filter with parametric amplification to obtain non-reciprocal propagation of forward and reverse signals is disclosed. The non-reciprocal filter may include two asymmetrical transmission lines and a current source. The filter, when implemented in the acoustics domain using surface acoustic waves (SAW), may operate in a phase-coherent or a phase-incoherent degenerate mode, providing low insertion loss and high decibels of isolation.

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) device is disclosed. The SAW device includes a piezoelectric layer and a transducer having a plurality of electrodes. The electrodes are aligned with respective longitudinal axes parallel to each other and perpendicular to a wave propagation direction. Each electrode includes a conductive first layer having a first thickness and a first width in the wave propagation direction; and a conductive second layer having a second thickness that is negligible compared to the first thickness. The first layer and second layer are in electrical contact with each other to provide electrical conduction over a total width of the electrode in the wave propagation direction, the total width being greater than the first width of the first layer.

A micro-transfer printable transverse bulk acoustic wave filter comprises a piezoelectric filter element having a top side, a bottom side, a left side, and a right side disposed over a sacrificial portion on a source substrate. A top electrode is in contact with the top side and a bottom electrode is in contact with the bottom side. A left acoustic mirror is in contact with the left side and a right acoustic mirror is in contact with the right side. The thickness of the transverse bulk acoustic wave filter is substantially less than its length or width and its length can be greater than its width. The transverse bulk acoustic wave filter can be disposed on, and electrically connected to, a semiconductor substrate comprising an electronic circuit to control the transverse bulk acoustic wave filter and form a composite heterogeneous device that can be micro-transfer printed.

A field portable diagnostic apparatus uses a rotatable disk in which a microfluidic circuit is defined. The microfluidic circuit includes a centrifugal separation chamber receiving a sample to stratify the sample. A magnetic bead holding chamber is communicated to a mixing chamber, where mass amplifying functionalized magnetic-nanoparticles, held in a buffer solution and contained in the magnetic bead holding reservoir communicated to mixing chamber, are mixed with the separated fluid delivered to mixing chamber from the separation chamber. The functionalized magnetic nanoparticles conjugate with a target analyte in the sample. A magnet in proximity to a SAW chamber including a SAW detector draws the functionalized magnetic nanoparticles toward antibodies immobilized on the SAW sensor surface A wash reservoir is communicated to the SAW sensor chamber, and a cleanup/waste reservoir is communicated to the SAW chamber for receive fluid after it has passed through the SAW chamber.

A field portable diagnostic apparatus uses a rotatable disk in which a microfluidic circuit is defined. The microfluidic circuit includes a centrifugal separation chamber receiving a sample to stratify the sample. A magnetic bead holding chamber is communicated to a mixing chamber, where mass amplifying functionalized magnetic-nanoparticles, held in a buffer solution and contained in the magnetic bead holding reservoir communicated to mixing chamber, are mixed with the separated fluid delivered to mixing chamber from the separation chamber. The functionalized magnetic nanoparticles conjugate with a target analyte in the sample. A magnet in proximity to a SAW chamber including a SAW detector draws the functionalized magnetic nanoparticles toward antibodies immobilized on the SAW sensor surface A wash reservoir is communicated to the SAW sensor chamber, and a cleanup/waste reservoir is communicated to the SAW chamber for receive fluid after it has passed through the SAW chamber.