A semiconductor memory device has an output driving circuit. The output driving circuit includes a pull-down driver and a gate control logic. The pull-down driver includes first and second transistors. The first and second transistors are coupled between a pad and a ground node. The gate control logic includes third and fourth transistors. The third and fourth transistors are coupled between a pad and a first supply voltage node. The gate control logic is configured to receive a voltage of the pad and output a feedback voltage. The first transistor is controlled by the feedback voltage. The second and third transistors are controlled by the first supply voltage. The fourth transistor is controlled by the voltage of the pad.

A semiconductor memory device has an output driving circuit. The output driving circuit includes a pull-down driver and a gate control logic. The pull-down driver includes first and second transistors. The first and second transistors are coupled between a pad and a ground node. The gate control logic includes third and fourth transistors. The third and fourth transistors are coupled between a pad and a first supply voltage node. The gate control logic is configured to receive a voltage of the pad and output a feedback voltage. The first transistor is controlled by the feedback voltage. The second and third transistors are controlled by the first supply voltage. The fourth transistor is controlled by the voltage of the pad.

A computer system may include a host device including a memory controller and a first interface circuit configured to provide the memory controller with an interface to other devices; and a data storage unit in communication with the host device through a channel and configured to communicate with the host device through a second interface circuit including a termination circuit. The first interface circuit is configured to select between different termination schemes. The first interface circuit is configured to add an addition signal to a transmission signal based on a termination scheme of the termination circuit and transmit the transmission signal with the addition signal to the termination circuit.

A computer system may include a host device including a memory controller and a first interface circuit configured to provide the memory controller with an interface to other devices; and a data storage unit in communication with the host device through a channel and configured to communicate with the host device through a second interface circuit including a termination circuit. The first interface circuit is configured to select between different termination schemes. The first interface circuit is configured to add an addition signal to a transmission signal based on a termination scheme of the termination circuit and transmit the transmission signal with the addition signal to the termination circuit.

An integrated circuit includes a first input/output lane comprising first external terminals and first driver circuits. The first driver circuits exchange signals with a first external device through the first external terminals as part of a first external interface. The first input/output lane is part of a sub-bank in an input/output bank that implements at least a part of the first external interface. The integrated circuit includes a second input/output lane comprising second external terminals and second driver circuits. The second driver circuits exchange signals with a second external device through the second external terminals as part of a second external interface. The second input/output lane is part of the sub-bank in the input/output bank that implements at least a part of the second external interface.

A transmitter includes a multiplexer, control logic and a voltage mode driver. The multiplexer generates a plurality of time-interleaved data signals based on a plurality of input data signals and multi-phase clock signals. The plurality of input data signals are input in parallel. Each of the plurality of input data signals is a binary signal and has two voltage levels that are different from each other. The control logic generates at least one pull-down control signal and a plurality of pull-up control signals based on the plurality of time-interleaved data signals. Each of the plurality of pull-up control signals has a voltage level that is temporarily boosted. The voltage mode driver generates an output data signal based on the at least one pull-down control signal and the plurality of pull-up control signals. The output data signal is a duobinary signal and has three voltage levels that are different from each other.

A transmitter includes a multiplexer, control logic and a voltage mode driver. The multiplexer generates a plurality of time-interleaved data signals based on a plurality of input data signals and multi-phase clock signals. The plurality of input data signals are input in parallel. Each of the plurality of input data signals is a binary signal and has two voltage levels that are different from each other. The control logic generates at least one pull-down control signal and a plurality of pull-up control signals based on the plurality of time-interleaved data signals. Each of the plurality of pull-up control signals has a voltage level that is temporarily boosted. The voltage mode driver generates an output data signal based on the at least one pull-down control signal and the plurality of pull-up control signals. The output data signal is a duobinary signal and has three voltage levels that are different from each other.

A circuit system includes a first integrated circuit die having a first group of circuits configured to perform a first set of operations. The circuit system also includes a second integrated circuit die having a second group of circuits configured to start performing a second set of operations with a delay after the first group of circuits starts performing the first set of operations to reduce power supply voltage droop. The operations performed by the first and second groups of circuits can be interleaved with a fixed or a variable delay. Logic circuits can be partitioned into the first and the second groups of circuits based on predicted switching activity of the logic circuits. Decoupling capacitors in integrated circuit dies can be coupled together to reduce droop in a supply voltage during a high current event.

A circuit system includes a first integrated circuit die having a first group of circuits configured to perform a first set of operations. The circuit system also includes a second integrated circuit die having a second group of circuits configured to start performing a second set of operations with a delay after the first group of circuits starts performing the first set of operations to reduce power supply voltage droop. The operations performed by the first and second groups of circuits can be interleaved with a fixed or a variable delay. Logic circuits can be partitioned into the first and the second groups of circuits based on predicted switching activity of the logic circuits. Decoupling capacitors in integrated circuit dies can be coupled together to reduce droop in a supply voltage during a high current event.

An input/output driving circuit may include a pad, an open-drain driving circuit, a high-voltage protection unit and a control unit. The open-drain driving circuit may be configured to output a transmission signal to the pad. The high-voltage protection unit may be configured to input a received signal from the pad. The control unit may include a gate control logic, a transmission control logic and an inverter for controlling the open-drain driving circuit. The control unit may also include a reception control logic and a well voltage generation unit for controlling the high-voltage protection unit.