A circuit 100 is described comprising (i) a first digital-to-analog converter 110, (ii) a second digital-to-analog converter 111, (iii) a plurality of unit elements 120, and (iv) switching circuitry 130. The switching circuitry 130 is adapted so that in a first switching state 231, a set of unit elements 221 of the plurality of unit elements 120 forms part of the first digital-to-analog converter 110, and in a second switching state 232, the set of unit elements 221 forms part of the second digital-to-analog converter 111. Furthermore, a corresponding method of operating a circuit 100 is described.

An analog-to-digital converter circuit comprises code-shuffling circuitry, a plurality of digital-to-analog converter circuits, a plurality of difference circuits, and a plurality of latch circuits. The code-shuffling circuitry is operable to shuffle a plurality of digital codes among a plurality of its outputs. The plurality of digital-to-analog converter circuits are operable to convert a digital code on the respective one of the outputs to a corresponding one of a plurality of analog reference voltages. The plurality of difference circuits is operable to generate a respective one of a plurality of difference signals corresponding to a difference between an input voltage and a respective one of the plurality of reference voltages. The plurality of latch circuits is operable to latch a respective one of the plurality of difference signals to a corresponding one of a plurality of digital values.

A dynamic element matching system including sequential register groups, decode circuitry, and pointer control circuitry. Each register group includes at least two registers. The decode circuitry controls a state of each register group based on a level of a digital input signal, a relative position with respect to a begin pointer and an end pointer, and a corresponding one of multiple pseudo random probability values. The pointer control circuitry cyclically advances the end pointer among the register groups causing decode circuitry to add one or more register groups and enable a register within each added register group in response to the level of the digital input signal increasing, and also cyclically advances the begin pointer among the register groups causing the decode circuitry to remove one or more register groups and disable a register within each removed register group in response to the level of the digital input signal decreasing.

A D/A converter for converting a digital signal with a predetermined number of bits to an analog signal, the D/A converter includes a plurality of component groups that include a plurality of components included in the D/A converter and are connected to an output unit for outputting the analog signal in a predetermined order; and a start position change unit that changes a start position within the plurality of the component groups used for generating a single analog signal by using a predefined shift pattern when generating the single analog signal corresponding to the digital signal.

A method of weight calibration in a DAC (25) is disclosed. The DAC (25) comprises an input port (100) for receiving a sequence of digital input words (x[n]), each representing a digital input sample, and a digital control circuit (110) configured to encode each digital input word (x[n]) into a control word (z[n]) representing the same digital input sample. Each bit (Z.sub.i) in the control word (z[n]) has a corresponding bit weight (w.sub.i) and is in the following considered to adopt values in {?1, 1}. Furthermore, the DAC (25) comprises a set (120) of analog weights, each associated with a unique one of the bits (Z.sub.i) in the control word (z[n]), and summation circuitry (130) configured to generate an analog sample corresponding to the digital input sample by summing the bits in the control word (Z.sub.i) weighted by the respective associated analog weights. The DAC (25) also has an output (140) for outputting the analog sample. The method comprises, during a measurement procedure, for a first set of at least one bit of the control word (z[n]), generating (300) the bits of the first set, such that a first sum of the bits in the first set weighted by their respective bit weights is, on average, above zero. Furthermore, the method comprises, during the measurement procedure, for a second set of at least one bit of the control word (z[n]), generating (310) the bits of the second set, such that a second sum of the bits in the second set weighted by their respective bit weights is, on average, below zero and such that the sum of the first sum and the second sum is, on average, equal to zero. The method also comprises detecting (330) a DC level at the output of the DAC during the measurement procedure. The method further comprises adjusting (340) at least one analog weight in response to the detected DC level. A corresponding DAC, a corresponding electronic apparatus, and a corresponding integrated circuit are also disclosed.

A circuit for digital-to-analog conversion using a plurality of 3-level cells includes a circuit for digital-to-analog conversion using a plurality of 3-level cells mutually independently providing positive electricity, providing negative electricity, or floating. The circuit including a preprocess circuit and a shift circuit. The preprocess circuit is configured to receive thermometer code data generated from signed binary data and generate a shift count for shifting a cell pointer pointing to one of the plurality of 3-level cells for dynamic element matching (DEM) from the thermometer code data. The shift circuit is configured to store the cell pointer and shift the stored cell pointer according to the shift count. The shifted cell pointer is shifted in proportion to an absolute value of the binary data in a direction depending on a sign of the binary data.

A Delta-Sigma modulator architecture is disclosed that uses interleaving and dynamic matching algorithms to address the needs of multi-mode, multi-band high bandwidth transmitters. The proposed architecture also supports a novel software defined transmitter architecture based on an interleaved Delta-Sigma modulator to generate RF signals. The proposed architecture leverages interleaving concepts to relax subcomponent clock rates without changing the effective oversampling ratio, thus, making it easier to reach aggressive dynamic range goals across wider bandwidths at higher frequencies. The DEM algorithm helps to randomize mismatch errors across all interleaved paths and improves substantially the signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, a tunable bandpass filter can be added to reject out-of-band emissions.

Disclosed examples include a segmented DAC circuit, including an R-2R resistor DAC to convert a first subword to a first analog output signal, an interpolation DAC to offset the first analog output signal based on an N-bit digital interpolation code signal to provide the analog output signal, and a Sigma Delta modulator to modulate a modulator code to provide the N-bit digital interpolation code signal that represents a value of second and third subwords.

A Delta-Sigma modulator architecture is disclosed that uses interleaving and dynamic matching algorithms to address the needs of multi-mode, multi-band high bandwidth transmitters. The proposed architecture also supports a novel software defined transmitter architecture based on an interleaved Delta-Sigma modulator to generate RF signals. The proposed architecture leverages interleaving concepts to relax subcomponent clock rates without changing the effective oversampling ratio, thus, making it easier to reach aggressive dynamic range goals across wider bandwidths at higher frequencies. The DEM algorithm helps to randomize mismatch errors across all interleaved paths and improves substantially the signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, a tunable bandpass filter can be added to reject out-of-band emissions.

A method of arranging a capacitor array of a successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter in a successive approximation process, the method including: splitting a binary capacitor array into unit capacitors, then sorting, grouping, and rotating the original binary capacitive array involved in successive approximation conversion.